Figure 3.

Gut microbiome‐targeted interventions in humans with ischemic heart disease (IHD). For general restoration of microbial composition and functions, there are interests in testing the microbiome‐targeted interventions on the disrupted microbiome of IHD patients. Various approaches include fecal microbiota transplantation either in heterologous or autologous manner; antibiotics treatment aiming at restructuring the gut microbiome; individualized nutrition to change the gut microbiome and metabolism; use of probiotics and prebiotics or combination of various probiotics strains and prebiotics; and finally, an emerging potential frontier of using drugs targeting specific IHD‐related microbial metabolites or pathways. Illustration was created with biorender (https://biorender.com/).