. 2023 Jul 10;2(3):e125. doi: 10.1002/imt2.125

Table 2.

Summary of studies on changes in the gut microbiota in heart failure.

Source	Time	Sample size^a	Microbiota	Results	Other
Sandek et al. [28]	2007	22 CHF and 22 controls	Bacteroides/Prevotellain, Eubacterium rectale, and Fusobacterium prausnitzii	Increase	Bacteria were adherent to the mucosa more often
Sandek et al. [34]	2014	21 CHF and 17 control	Both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria	Similar	Bacteria were restricted to the juxtamucosal zone more often
Pasini et al. [35]	2016	60 CHF (NYHA I–II 30, III–IV 30) and 20 controls	Pathogenic bacteria and Candida such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Candida species	Increase	Abundancy was different between two NYHA groups
Luedde et al. [36]	2017	20 HFrEF and 20 controls	Blautia, Collinsella, uncl. Erysipelotrichaceae and uncl. Ruminococcaceae.	Decrease	Diversity decreased
Kamo et al. [37]	2017	12 HF and 12 controls (age‐matched)	Eubacterium rectale and Dorea longicatena	Decrease	Older HF patients have less Bacteroidetes and more Proteobacteria
Kummen et al. [38]	2018	84 stable HFrEF (40 discovery, and 44 validation (NYHA II–IV) and 266 controls	Genus Prevotella, Hungatella and Succinclasticum	Increase	Bacterial richness decreases in HF patients after adjustment
Kummen et al. [38]	2018		Lachnospiraceae family,^b Rumminococcaceae Faecalibacterium and Bifidobactericeae Bifidobacterium	Decrease
Sun et al. [39]	2021	29 Severe CHF (NYHA III–IV) and 30 controls	Enterococcus and Enterococcaceae	Increase	Lower bacterial richness in chronic HF patients. Remarkable decrease in bacteria generating SCFAs. Increased production of lactic acid.
Sun et al. [39]	2021	29 Severe CHF (NYHA III–IV) and 30 controls	Phylum Firmicutes, genera Ruminococcaceae UCG‐002, Ruminococcaceae UCG‐004, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group	Decrease
Huang et al. [40]	2021	30 HFpEF and 30 controls	Phylum Synergistetes, genus Enterococcus and Lactobacillus	Increase	Increase of microbiota linked with inflammation and decrease of microbiota linked with anti‐inflammatory effects
Huang et al. [40]	2021	30 HFpEF and 30 controls	Genus Butyricicoccus, Sutterella, Lachnospira, and Ruminiclostridium	Decrease

Abbreviations: CHF, chronic heart failure; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association.

^{^a}

Only includes samples used to identify microbiota changes.

^{^b}

Includes Anaerostipes, Blautia, Coprococcus (3), Fusicatenibacter, Lachnospiraceae FCS020, NCS2004, ND3007, and Pseudobutyrivibrio.