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. 2023 Oct 30;2(4):e144. doi: 10.1002/imt2.144

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© 2023 The Authors. iMeta published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of iMeta Science.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Associations between microbiome metabolites and cardiovascular diseases. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are generated through the fermentation of indigestible polysaccharides by the gut microbiome and act on specific SCFAs receptors. Trimethylamine (TMA), a metabolite of the gut microbiome, undergoes an oxidation process in the liver via flavin‐containing monooxygenases (FMOs) and is subsequently converted into trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO). These metabolites exert both direct and indirect effects on the cardiovascular system, and they have been associated with certain cardiovascular diseases.