Figure 2.

Biotransformation of ginsenosides to active rare ginsenosides using efficient enzymes or probiotics. (A) The herbs of Panax ginseng are sterilized for probiotic fermentation, and the enzymes and probiotics are the main driving forces for CHM fermentation. (B) Probiotic performance during ginseng fermentation can be optimized to improve bioactive ingredient yield. (C) Ginsenosides can be transformed to the bioactive rare ginsenosides during CHM fermentation. CHM, Chinese herbal medicines.