Figure 4.

Application of microbiome and synthetic biology strategies for efficient probiotic CHM fermentation. (A) Environmental microbiota, and human and animal gut microbiota are potential microbial sources for CHM fermentation. (B) Environmental microbiota and gut microbiota can be analyzed by microbiome strategies, and screened for probiotics. (C) Efficient probiotics can be isolated, analyzed, and screened for CHM fermentation. Moreover, the machine learning and metabolic engineering technologies can provide further efficient enzymes or microbes for CHM fermentation. (D) Fermentation process can be optimized, which can lead to the production of bioactive ingredients with high yield. (E) The obtained CHM fermentation products can be applied in foods, animal feeds, drugs, or other industries. The active ingredients would produce beneficial effects for humans and animals. CHM, Chinese herbal medicines.