Table 2.

List of probiotics, medicinal fungi, and a few industrial fungi used for Chinese herbal medicine fermentation.

Category	Genus	Species	Herbs/Herb formulas used for fermentation	References
Bacteria	Lactobacillus	L. plantarum	Red ginseng; Jianweixiaoshi tablets; Soshiho‐tang; Rhizoma Artactylodis macrocephalae	[57, 81, 83, 86]
		L. acidophilus	Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata; Jaeumganghwa‐tang	[84, 87]
		L. casei	A. formosanus Hayata; Hwangryun‐haedok‐tang	[84, 88]
		L. paracasei	Red ginseng	[98]
		L. pentosus	Lespedeza cuneata G. Don	[63]
		L. rhamnosus	Panax ginseng; Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	[75, 85]
		L. gasseri	Ginseng seed	[89]
		L. fermentum	P. ginseng	[21]
	Bifidobacterium	B. breve	Radix Puerariae	[64]
		B. longum	A. formosanus Hayata; Red ginseng	[84, 98]
		B. lactis	P. ginseng	[75]
		B. animalis subsp. lactis	Red ginseng	[73]
	Bacillus	B. subtilis	S. miltiorrhiza Bunge; Ginseng seed; Deer antler; White ginseng roots	[85, 89, 99, 100]
		B. licheniformis	Rhizoma A. macrocephalae	[90]
	Alcaligenes	A. spiechaudii	Rhodiola rosea; Lonicera japonica	[101]
	Lactococcus	L. lactis	P. ginseng	[98]
	Streptococcus	S. thermophiles	Cyclopia intermedia	[102]
	Leuconostoc	L. mesenteroides	R. coptidis	[103]
	Pediococcus	P. pentosaceus	Ginseng seed	[89]
Fungi	Saccharomyces	S. cerevisiae	Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch; Gegen Qinlian decoction	[91, 92]
		S. boulardii	Dioscorea opposita Thunb	[76]
	Kluyveromyces	K. marxianus	Rhubarb	[69]
	Trichoderma	T. reesei	White ginseng roots	[100]
	Ganoderma	G. lucidum	Croton tiglium; Tripterygium wilfordii; Artemisia capillaris leaves	[70, 71, 93]
	Trametes	T. robiniophila Murr	Radix isatidis	[104]
	Grifola	G. frondosa	Rhizoma gastrodiae	[105]
	Coprinus	C. comatus	Sophora flavescens	[106]