Figure 2.

Development of β‐alanine production strains from palmitic acid. (A) β‐Alanine production was improved by the enhancement of panD and aspA, and knocking out iclR. L‐aspartate‐α‐decarboxylase encoded by panD with different copy numbers was introduced into the FA‐using chassis FA09. The genotype of each strain is shown. (B) Time curve of β‐alanine production by strain BA72. Black line indicates β‐alanine production. Red line indicates palmitic acid consumption. (C) Comparison of production and yield at 3 h between BA72 and BG22, using palmitic acid and glucose feedstocks, respectively. β‐Alanine was produced using glucose uptake modified strain BG22 from glucose feedstocks or strain BA72 from palmitic acid feedstocks. Error bars show standard deviation (n = 3).