TABLE 3.

Logistic Regression Models Associating Patient Beliefs About Engaging in Innovation and Participation in Open Social Innovation

	Outcome variable: idea submission					Outcome variable: voting
	OR (95% CI)					OR (95% CI)
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Preference for involvement in innovation	2.83* (1.10–7.28)	—	—	—	2.86* (1.05–7.78)	3.55* (1.09–11.59)	—	—	—	3.70* (1.07–12.8)
Beliefs about patient leadership in improvement	—	1.01 (0.48–2.15)	—	—	1.28 (0.48–3.46)	—	1.40 (0.68–2.88)	—	—	1.35 (0.59–3.08)
Perceived efficacy of speaking up	—	—	0.45^ (0.18–1.12)	—	0.40 (0.12–1.35)	—	—	0.95 (0.45–2.02)	—	1.00 (0.39–2.62)
Perceived safety of speaking up	—	—	—	0.91 (0.39–2.12)	1.07 (0.32–3.56)	—	—	—	1.12 (0.48–2.60)	0.74 (0.27–2.02)

^* P<0.05.

^{^} P<0.10.

All models controlled for whether the respondent’s current or former employment was related to health care, respondent’s tenure as a patient or a family/friend of a patient at the hospital, respondent’s race/ethnicity, whether the respondent had physical or neurological limitations, and respondent’s PFAC affiliation. We included robust standard errors. An odds ratio (OR) greater than one indicated that an increase in the level of a predictor (eg, preferred level of involvement in innovation, perceived efficacy/safety of speaking up) was associated with higher likelihoods of participating in OSI via idea submission and voting.