Table 3.

Trends by country and game type

	Trend [95% CI]	SE	T-value	P-value
Online casino
Denmark	0.0024 [0.0009, 0.0040]	0.0008	3.13	<0.001
Finland	0.0045 [0.0030, 0.0061]	0.0008	5.75	<0.001
Sweden	0.0021 [0.0020, 0.0040]	0.0010	2.20	0.03
Online sports betting
Denmark	0.0004 [−0.0010, 0.0018]	0.0007	0.58	0.56
Finland	0.0032 [0.0018 0.0045]	0.0007	4.64	<0.001
Sweden	−0.0002 [−0.0020, 0.0014]	0.0008	−0.26	0.80
Land-based sports betting
Denmark	−0.0050 [−0.0055–0.0037]	0.0004	−10.40	<0.001
Finland	0.0002 [−0.0007, 0.0010]	0.0004	0.37	0.71
Sweden	−0.0001 [−0.0012, 0.0009]	0.0005	−0.27	0.79
Land-based EGMs outside of a casino
Denmark	−0.0006 [−0.0020, 0.0008]	0.0007	−0.84	0.41
Finland	−0.0094 [−0.0109, −0.0080]	0.0007	−13.21	<0.001
Sweden	−0.0003 [−0.0020, 0.0014]	0.0009	−0.33	0.74
Poker
Denmark	−0.0004 [−0.0015, 0.0006]	0.0004	−0.94	0.35
Finlanda	–	–	–	–
Sweden	−0.0008 [−0.0021, 0.0004]	0.0005	−1.49	0.14
Lotteries
Denmark	−0.0005 [−0.0012, 0.0002]	0.0004	−1.34	0.18
Finland	0.0029 [0.0022, 0.0037]	0.0004	8.15	<0.001
Sweden	−0.0010 [−0.0018, −0.0001]	0.0004	−2.15	0.03
Land-based casino
Denmark	−0.0005 [−0.0009, −0.0001]	0.0002	−2.32	0.02
Finland	0.0003 [−0.0001, 0.0007]	0.0002	1.38	0.17
Sweden	0.0001[−0.0004, 0.0006]	0.0003	0.35	0.73
Other
Denmarka	–	–	–	–
Finlanda	–	–	–	–
Sweden	0.0009 [0.0004, 0.0014]	0.0004	2.21	0.03
Horse betting
Denmarkb	–	–	–	–
Finlanda	–	–	–	–
Sweden	−0.0001 [−0.0005, 0.0006]	0.0002	−0.48	0.64

Note. Trend estimates were derived from the time coefficients from each regression model.

^aGame types that did not meet the assumptions for linear regression and were therefore excluded.

^bData on horse betting were not collected in Denmark.