TABLE 1.
Descriptions of studies in schizophrenia patients.
Study | Stimulation parameters | Measure tools | Hedges' g (95% CI) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Authors | Design | Sample size (active: sham) | Stimulation intervention | Target area | Frequency | %MT | No. of session | Number of impulses per session | |||
Baseline | Post intervention | ||||||||||
Prikryl et al., 2013 | Parallel | 25:20 | 23:17 | rTMS | Left DLPFC | 10 HZ | 110% (resting) | 15 | 2000 | SANS anhedonia subscale | 0.975 (0.324, 1.625) |
Kumar et al., 2020 | Parallel | 50:50 | 46:47 | rTMS | Left DLPFC | 20 HZ | 100% (NA) | 20 | 2000 | SANS anhedonia subscale | 0.387 (−0.019, 0.794) a |
Gan et al., 2021 | Parallel | 17:16 | 15:14 | rTMS | DMPFC | 10 HZ | 100–120% (resting) | 20 | 6000 | SANS anhedonia subscale | 1.351 (0.562, 2.139) |
Bodén et al., 2021 | Parallel | 9:7 | NA | iTBS | DMPFC | — | 90% (resting) | 20 | 1200 | CAINS | −0.077 (−1.012, 0.857) b |
Abbreviation: DMPF: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; DLPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; NA: not available.
The effect size was computed with the baseline data including the participants who withdrew the intervention.
The effect size was computed by the sample size of post‐intervention.