Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of the VIENNA scores and error types

	$\overline{M}$	$\mathit{SD}$	$\tilde{M}$	MAD	Min	Max	$\mathit{SE}$	${\gamma }_1$	$z_{{\gamma }_1}$	${\gamma }_2$	$z_{{\gamma }_2}$
VIENNA score	19.43	2.61	19	2.97	13	24	0.29	−0.29	−1.05	−0.42	−0.78
Rotation errors	1.49	1.12	1	1.48	0	4	0.13	0.26	0.96	−0.80	−1.50
Updating errors	0.59	0.84	0	0.00	0	3	0.09	1.37	5.06	1.16	2.17

${\gamma }_1$ = skewness, $z_{{\gamma }_1}$ = $Z$ score skewness, ${\gamma }_2$ = excess kurtosis, $z_{{\gamma }_2}$ = $Z$ score excess kurtosis