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. 2024 Apr 3;15(4):243. doi: 10.1038/s41419-024-06617-6

Fig. 7. Bioenergetics profiles of iDAN generated from iPD patients’ and age-matched healthy controls.

Fig. 7

Galactose medium was used to force energetic metabolism through OXPHOS and to unmask mitochondrial defects. A Basal respiration in glucose medium is unchanged between PD and healthy subjects. Galactose medium unmasks differences and reveals reduced respiration in PD iDAN. B Reserve capacity is higher in PD cases with more severe clinical presentation in both glucose and galactose medium. C Maximal respiration in glucose is higher in PD patients with different disease severity when compared to healthy subjects but is unchanged between patients’ severity groups. D Galactose medium does not cause in an increase in maximal mitochondrial respiration as indicated by the ratio of OCR in galactose and glucose. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.