Table 3.
Immunological features of patients with COVID-19.
| reference range | Mild cases (n=64) |
Severe cases (n=67) |
P | non-co-infected cases (n=90) |
co-infected cases (n=41) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphocytes ×106/L (± SD) | 1100 - 3200 | 1174 (399.3) | 446 (205.5) | <0.0001 | 907.9 (495.2) | 568.3 (357.1) | 0.0001 |
| Total T cell count, ×106/L (± SD) | 723 - 2271 | 868.1 (323.6) | 287.4 (171.1) | <0.0001 | 664.8 (399.7) | 365.6 (265.8) | <0.0001 |
| Total T cells, % (± SD) | 61.1 - 77 | 73.57 (9.29) | 62.14 (17.56) | <0.0001 | 71.06 (13.27) | 60.38 (16.70) | 0.0001 |
| CD4+ T cell count, ×106/L (± SD) | 396 - 1309 | 511.8 (230.3) | 159.8 (99.33) | <0.0001 | 387.0 (261.1) | 210.5 (166.0) | 0.0001 |
| CD4+ T cells, % (± SD) | 25.8 - 41.6 | 42.92 (10.59) | 35.36 (13.16) | 0.0004 | 41.05 (11.79) | 34.65 (13.08) | 0.0062 |
| CD8+ T cell count, ×106/L (± SD) | 224 - 1014 | 324.6 (155.4) | 115.9 (95.03) | <0.0001 | 251.9 (173.8) | 143.2 (114.2) | 0.0004 |
| CD8+ T cells, % (± SD) | 18.1 - 29.6 | 28.16 (10.33) | 24.31 (13.31) | 0.0676 | 27.30 (12.57) | 23.76 (10.58) | 0.1192 |
| B cell count, ×106/L (± SD) | 118 - 645 | 124.8 (78.79) | 62.31 (56.05) | <0.0001 | 103.7 (79.67) | 69.00 (56.41) | 0.0132 |
| B cells, % (± SD) | 9.02 - 14.10 | 10.55 (6.086) | 14.10 (12.78) | 0.0458 | 11.71 (8.113) | 13.81 (13.74) | 0.2752 |
| NK cell count, ×106/L (± SD) | 61 - 607 | 171.1 (98.05) | 107.7 (89.51) | 0.0002 | 139.8 (98.11) | 136.2 (101.2) | 0.8466 |
| NK cells, % (± SD) | 10.04 - 19.78 | 14.52 (7.92) | 21.72 (13.67) | 0.0004 | 15.90 (10.09) | 23.26 (13.59) | 0.0007 |
| CRP, mg/L (± SD) | 0 - 3 | 20.80 (13.51) | 121.4 (64.03) | <0.0001 | 49.80 (54.45) | 121.6 (71.51) | <0.0001 |
| PCT, ng/mL (± SD) | 0 - 0.046 | 0.08 (0.11) | 1.26 (1.34) | <0.0001 | 0.3223 (0.7042) | 1.470 (1.446) | <0.0001 |
| IL-6, pg/mL (± SD) | 0 - 7 | 19.58 (12.63) | 102.8 (77.13) | <0.0001 | 42.27 (46.35) | 105.7 (90.11) | <0.0001 |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or percentage; P values are from a unpaired t test. CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin.