TABLE 1.

Representative research papers on the application of new technologies in the field of epididymis.

Annual range	Representative research papers	New technology	Findings
1996–2000	Targeted disruption of the estrogen receptor gene in male mice causes alteration of spermatogenesis and infertility	Gene-knockout	To explore the effect of specific genes on epididymal function
2000–2001	Stallion epididymal fluid proteome: qualitative and quantitative characterization; secretion and dynamic changes of major proteins	Proteomics	Understand epididymal mRNA expression and protein secretion
2001–2005	Dynamic changes in gene expression along the rat epididymis	Microarray technology	Obtain differential expression profiles of epididymis multiple genes.
2005–2020	The mouse epididymal transcriptome: transcriptional profiling of segmental gene expression in the epididymis	Transcriptome sequencing technology	It aims to improve the integrity of epididymal transcriptome by using whole genome array, and provide higher sensitivity by studying fragments in each region
2020–2022	An atlas of cell types in the mouse epididymis and vas deferens	Single-cell RNA-Seq	A bird’s-eye view of the cell composition of epididymis was conducted to determine the new biological characteristics of epididymal cells.