Table 2.
The specifics of the significant genes of PD.
| Gene symbol | Full name | Function in PD | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ABCB9 | ATP binding Cassette Subfamily B member 9 | ABCB9 methylation associated with PD | Chuang et al. (2017) |
| AK7* | Adenylate Kinase 7 | N/A | Not published yet |
| ARHGAP27* | Rho GTPase Activating Protein 27 | N/A | Saeed (2018) |
| ARL17A* | ADP Ribosylation Factor like GTPase 17A | N/A | Not published yet |
| ARL17B | ADP Ribosylation Factor like GTPase 17B | ARL17B was associated with negative control of neuron projection development. | Tian et al. (2023) |
| ARSA | Arylsulfatase A | ARSA variations may be linked to PD and serve as a molecular chaperone for SNCA. | Senkevich et al. (2023) and Lee et al. (2019) |
| CCDC62 | Coiled-coil Domain Containing 62 | CCDC62 gene polymorphisms have a statistically significant connection with PD. Using psychotropic drugs may decrease PD risk through CCDC62 transcription. | Yi et al. (2023) and Lauterbach (2012) |
| CFAP119* | Cilia and Flagella Associated Protein 119 | N/A | Not published yet |
| CRHR1 | Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor 1 | CRHR1 is a recognized therapeutic target and its methylation may introduce potential pathophysiology of PD. | Cheng et al. (2020) and Rasmi et al. (2023) |
| CTSB | Cathepsin B | CTSB is involved in lysosomal autophagy, which demonstrates that cellular clearance system malfunction plays a role in the etiology of PD. | Bellomo et al. (2020) and Senkevich and Gan-Or (2020) |
| E2F1 | E2F Transcription Factor 1 | An increase in the expression of E2F-1 after the cell cycle has been initiated may cause neuronal apoptosis, which is a characteristic of PD. | Folch et al. (2012) and Verdaguer et al. (2007) |
| EFNA3 | Ephrin A3 | EFNA3 took part in neurodevelopment. Appropriate dopaminergic (DA) neuron development from transplanted cells and accurate axon growth are two fundamental concepts behind effective cellular treatments for PD. Varying expression levels of EFNA3, which direct axon growth and aid in DA neuron differentiation, offer a novel concept for the therapy of PD. | Tirozzi et al. (2023) and Wang et al. (2016) |
| FAM47E | family with sequence similarity 47 member E | FAM47E was a known PD risk locus, exhibited a significant effect after Bonferroni correction. | Blauwendraat et al. (2019) |
| FBXO34* | F-box protein 34 | N/A | Not published yet |
| FMNL1 | Formin like 1 | FMNL1 was identified as a biomarker linked to PD | Hu et al. (2022) |
| HLA-DRB1 | Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR beta 1 | Spontaneous PD has been linked to polymorphisms in the HLA-DR region. By potentially working against tau, an adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1 lowers the risk of PD and AD and opens up prospective treatment options. | Le Guen et al. (2023) |
| HOPX* | HOP Homeobox | N/A | Not published yet |
| ITGA3* | Integrin Subunit alpha 3 | N/A | Not published yet |
| KANSL1-AS1 | KANSL1 Antisense RNA 1 | KANSL1-AS1 has a negative correlation with adaptive immune cells in PD. | Lona-Durazo et al. (2023) |
| LAT | Linker for Activation of T cells | Carrier of SGK1, which aids in the development of PD. | Lang et al. (2010) |
| LINC01102* | Long Intergenic Non-protein Coding RNA 1102 | N/A | Not published yet |
| MMRN1 | Multimerin 1 | MMRN1 causes early-onset PD. | Fuchs et al. (2007) |
| NSF | N-ethylmaleimide Sensitive Factor | NSF protein aggregation is a characteristic of PD. | Pischedda et al. (2021) |
| PDLIM2* | PDZ and LIM domain 2 | N/A | Not published yet |
| PRSS36 | Serine Protease 36 | PRSS36 was reported as a risk factor for PD. | Dang et al. (2022) |
| SEC23IP | SEC23 interacting protein | SEC23IP was reported as a risk factor for PD. | Gaare et al. (2020) |
| SNCA | Synuclein alpha | SNCA expression is the main contributor to neurotoxicity and protein aggregation, which are neuropathological hallmarks of PD. | Du et al. (2020), Ferese et al. (2015), and Dehay et al. (2015) |
| SPPL2C | Signal Peptide Peptidase Like 2C | SPPL2C variations in the MAPT gene raise a fresh hypothesis for further research into PD. | Soto-Beasley et al. (2020) |
| STX1B | Syntaxin 1B | STX1B polymorphisms are associated with PD. | Wang et al. (2015) |
*New potential PD-related gene has not been reported as a function of PD.