Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)

Overall survival	Univariate cox regression		Multivariate cox regression
	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
Gender (females vs. males)	1.22 (0.99–1.50)	0.062
Age (≥ 65 years vs. < 65 years)	1.07 (0.86–1.33)	0.530
Smoking (smokers vs. non-smokers)	0.81 (0.66–0.98)	0.030	0.78 (0.64–0.95)	0.012
Histology (mixed vs. pure UC)	1.04 (0.81–1.32)	0.775
Upper vs. lower urinary tract	1.10 (0.90–1.36)	0.353
Synchronous metastatic disease (yes vs. no)	1.32 (1.08–1.61)	0.007	1.33 (1.09–1.63)	0.005
Lymph node metastases (Y vs. N)	0.86 (0.70–1.06)	0.151
Bone metastases (Y vs. N)	1.53 (1.25–1.88)	< 0.001	1.51 (1.22–1.84)	< 0.001
Liver metastases (Y vs. N)	1.46 (1.16–1.84)	0.001	1.39 (1.10–1.75)	0.006
Proton pump inhibitors (Y vs. N)	1.41 (1.17–1.71)	< 0.001	1.41 (1.17–1.70)	< 0.001
Statins (Y vs. N)	1.00 (0.80–1.25)	0.999
Metformin (Y vs. N)	0.98 (0.73–1.31)	0.896

Progression-free survival	Univariate cox regression		Multivariate cox regression
	HR (95% CI)	p value		HR (95% CI)
Gender (females vs. males)	0.99 (0.81–1.22)	0.957
Age (≥ 65 years vs. < 65 years)	0.93 (0.76–1.14)	0.485
Smoking (smokers vs. no-smokers)	0.93 (0.77–1.11)	0.409
Histology (mixed vs. pure UC)	1.03 (0.83–1.29)	0.771
Upper vs. lower urinary tract	1.04 (0.86–1.27)	0.681
Synchronous metastatic disease (yes vs. no)	1.28 (1.06–1.55)	0.009	1.24 (1.02–1.49)	0.027
Lymph node metastases (Y vs. N)	0.86 (0.71–1.04)	0.130
Bone metastases (Y vs. N)	1.48 (1.22–1.79)	< 0.001	1.42 (1.17–1.71)	< 0.001
Liver metastases (Y vs. N)	1.51 (1.22–1.86)	< 0.001	1.44 (1.17–1.79)	< 0.001
Proton pump inhibitors (Y vs. N)	1.32 (1.10–1.58)	0.002	1.28 (1.08–1.53)	0.006
Statins (Y vs. N)	0.96 (0.78–1.19)	0.716
Metformin (Y vs. N)	0.94 (0.71–1.23)	0.935

ECOG-PS = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status; UC = Urothelial Carcinoma