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. 2023 May 26;10(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s40643-023-00654-3

Table 2.

Major compounds of pyrolysis oil and their compositions

Type Compound name Minimum (wt%) Maximum (wt%) References
Sugars Levoglucosan 0.1 59.8 (Milne et al. 1997; Demirbas 2009; Bertero et al. 2012; Staš et al. 2014; Zheng et al. 2017)
Cellobiosan 0.4 3.3
Fructose 0.7 2.9
Carboxylic acids Acetic acid 0.5 17.0
Formic acid 0.3 9.1
Propionic acid 0.1 2.0
Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde 0.9 17.5
Acetaldehyde 0.1 8.5
Formaldehyde 0.1 3.3
Alcohols Methanol 0.4 8.2
Ethanol 0.5 3.5
Ketones Acetol 0.2 7.4
Aryl-aldehydes (Furans) Furfural 1.5 3.0
Phenolic compounds Phenol 0.1 3.8
Guaiacol 2.8 2.8