Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients
| Age (years) | |
| Mean | 69.7 |
| Range | 50–87 |
| Gender | |
| Male | 22 |
| Female | 12 |
| Tumor location | |
| Cecum | 1 |
| Ascending colon | 9 |
| Transverse colon | 1 |
| Sigmoid colon | 9 |
| Rectum | 14 |
| Pathology | |
| Papillary adenocarcinoma | 2 |
| Tubular adenocarcinoma | 28 |
| Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma | 1 |
| Mucinous adenocarcinoma | 3 |
| Depth of invasion* | |
| Tl | 4 |
| T2 | 7 |
| T3 | 14 |
| T4 | 9 |
| Lymph node metastasis* | |
| N0 | 18 |
| N1 | 10 |
| N2 | 6 |
| TNM stage* | |
| I | 9 |
| II | 9 |
| III | 14 |
| IV | 2 |
*Depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were determined according to the Union for International Cancer Control 8th Edition