Table 3.
Independent predictive factors of progression-free survival and overall survival in multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards model)
| Factors | Test vs. reference | HRa | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progression-free survivalb | ||||
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | ≥ 4 vs. < 4 | 1.64 | 1.30–2.07 | < 0.0001 |
| Smoker | No vs. current/former | 1.35 | 0.90–2.00 | 0.15 |
| Performance status | 2–4 vs. 0–1 | 1.24 | 0.96–1.60 | 0.10 |
| Liver metastases | Yes vs. no | 1.24 | 0.94–1.64 | 0.13 |
| Bone metastases | Yes vs. no | 1.16 | 0.93–1.44 | 0.20 |
| Histology | No vs. adenocarcinoma | 1.13 | 0.89–1.45 | 0.32 |
| Brain metastases | Yes vs. no | 1.08 | 0.83–1.40 | 0.58 |
| Age, years | ≥ 70 vs. < 70 | 1.05 | 0.84–1.32 | 0.66 |
| Leukocytes | > 10,000 vs. ≤ 10,000 | 0.97 | 0.78–1.22 | 0.80 |
| Gender | Female vs. male | 0.90 | 0.71–1.14 | 0.38 |
| PD-L1 > 75% | Yes vs. no | 0.89 | 0.72–1.10 | 0.27 |
| Corticosteroid treatment | No vs. yes | 0.83 | 0.59–1.16 | 0.27 |
| Antibiotic treatment | No vs. yes | 0.80 | 0.62–1.03 | 0.08 |
| Overall survivalc | ||||
| Performance status | 2–4 vs. 0–1 | 1.68 | 1.26–2.22 | 0.0004 |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | ≥ 4 vs. < 4 | 1.67 | 1.25–2.22 | 0.0005 |
| Smoker | No vs. current/former | 1.65 | 1.06–2.57 | 0.02 |
| Histology | No vs. adenocarcinoma | 1.4 | 1.05–1.86 | 0.02 |
| Bone metastases | Yes vs. no | 1.32 | 1.03–1.71 | 0.03 |
| Age, years | ≥ 70 vs. < 70 | 1.31 | 1.02–1.70 | 0.04 |
| Brain metastases | Yes vs. no | 1.17 | 0.87–1.59 | 0.29 |
| Leukocytes | > 10,000 vs. ≤ 10,000 | 1.13 | 0.86–1.48 | 0.38 |
| Liver metastases | Yes vs. no | 1.11 | 0.81–1.53 | 0.51 |
| Corticosteroid treatment | No vs. yes | 0.91 | 0.6–1.3 | 0.65 |
| PD-L1 > 75% | Yes vs. no | 0.85 | 0.67–1.09 | 0.20 |
| Gender | Female vs. male | 0.81 | 0.62–1.09 | 0.15 |
| Antibiotic treatment | No vs. yes | 0.75 | 0.56–0.99 | 0.04 |
aHazard ratio (HR) above 1 indicates poorer survival
bFactors (p-values) of progression-free survival in univariate analysis: gender (p = 0.3), age ≥ 75 y (p = 0.03), smoker (p = 0.14), weight loss ≥ 5% (p = 0.12), performance status (p = 0.004), body mass index (p = 0.8), corticosteroid treatment (p = 0.09), antibiotic treatment (p = 0.0004), histology (p = 0.5), brain metastases (p = 0.3), bone metastases (p = 0.002), liver metastases (p = 0.0007), PD-L1 > 75% (p = 0.46), white blood cells > 10,000 (p < 0.003), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 4 (p < 0.0001)
cFactors (p-values) of overall survival in univariate analysis: gender (p = 0.12), age ≥ 75 y (p = 0.0002), smoker (p = 0.056), weight loss ≥ 5% (p = 0.014), performance status (p < 0.0001), body mass index (p = 0.7), corticosteroid treatment (p = 0.051), antibiotic treatment (p = 0.002), histology (p = 0.004), brain metastases (p = 0.3), bone metastases (p < 0.0001), liver metastases (p = 0.008), PD-L1 > 75% (p = 0.51), white blood cells > 10,000 (p < 0.0001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 4 (p < 0.0001)