Table 4.

Enhancement of curcumin production by metabolic engineering

Hosts	Strategies	Substrate	Yield	Year	References
Curcuma longa	In vitro propagation	/	260 μg/g fresh weight	2012	Pistelli et al. (2012)
Curcuma aromatica	In vitro propagation	/	534 μg/g	2015	Wu et al. (2015)
Curcuma longa	Chitosan elicitation	/	1.3 mg/g DCW	2016	Sathiyabama et al. (2016)
Curcuma longa	Bacillus endophyticus TSH42 and Bacillus cereus TSH77 were used for bacterization of rhizome in C. longa	/	4.16 g/100 g	2017	Chauhan et al. (2017)
E. coli	Introduction of 4CL, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and CUS	Ferulic acid	57 mg/L	2008	Katsuyama et al. (2008)
E. coli	Co-expression of TAL, C3H, COMT, 4CL, DCS and CURS1	Tyrosine	0.2 mg/L	2015	Rodrigues et al. (2015)
E. coli	Co-expression of TAL, C3H, COMT, 4CL, and CUS	Tyrosine	0.67 mg/L	2015	Wang et al. (2015)
E. coli	Optimization of PBS; employment of heat shock promoters	Ferulic acid	17 μM	2017	Rodrigues et al. (2017)
E. coli	Optimization of cultivation conditions, including E. coli subspecies, induction parameters, culture media and carbon source concentration	Ferulic acid	817.7 μM	2017	Couto et al. (2017)
E. coli	Screening a library of 5’-UTR sequence mutants via MAGE	Glucose	3.8 mg/L	2018	Kang et al. (2018)
Aspergillus oryzae	Overexpression of CUS; Strengthening malonyl-CoA supply via disruption of SnfA and SCAP	Feruloyl-N-acetylcysteamine	404 μg/plate	2019	Kan et al. (2019)
E. coli	Gene expression optimization via replacement of plasmids; Co-culture system	Tyrosine	15.9 mg/L	2020	Rodrigues et al. (2020)
E. coli	Direction evolution of CUS, and cell membrane engineering via overexpression of monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase and supplementation of unsaturated fatty acid	0.6 g/L palmitoleic acid and 4 mM ferulic acid	1.46 mM curcumin	2020	Wu et al. (2020a)