Table 2.
Performances of 18F-FDG PET/CT to predict permanent thyroid dysfunctions on anti-PD-1: data from the literature
| First author | Year | n (cancer type) | Immunotherapy (n) | Criteria on PET | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De Fillette [5] | 2016 | 99 (stage III or IV melanomas) | pembrolizumab | visual/semiquantitative evaluation (intense diffuse 18F-FDG uptake; no quantitative threshold) | 7/7 (100%) | NA |
| Delivanis [25] | 2017 | 13 patients (Stage IV melanomas n = 11, lung cancer n = 1) | pembrolizumab | visual evaluation (intense diffuse 18F-FDG uptake) | 7/11 (64%) | NA |
| Eshghi [13] | 2018 | 18 (lung cancer) | nivolumab | visual evaluation (thyroid uptake higher than blood pool) | 4/6 (67%) | NA |
| Mekki [14] | 2018 | 53 (melanomas n = 32, lung cancers n = 18, others n = 3) | nivolumab (n = 27) or pembrolizumab (n = 26) | visual evaluation (intense diffuse 18F-FDG uptake) | 4/4 (100%) | NA |
| Yamaushi [26] | 2019 | 200 (lung cancers n = 118, melanomas n = 42, others n = 40) | nivolumab | visual evaluation (intense diffuse 18F-FDG uptake) | 7/15 (47%) | 92/96 (96%) |
| Kowtal [19] | 2020 | 91 various cancers | atezolizumab (n = 86) or avelumab (n = 5) | visual evaluation (intense diffuse 18F-FDG uptake) | 4/4 (100%) | 18/20 (90%) |
| Current study | 2020 | 29 (stage IV melanomas) | pembrolizumab (n = 18), nivolumab (n = 10) or nivolumab + ipilumumab (n = 1) |
SUVmax-Th > 4.1 and/or Th/B > 2.0 |
4/4 (100%) | 25/25 (100%) |
| Pooled | 37/51 (73%) | 135/141 (96%) |
NA not available, SUVmax-Th maximum standardized uptake value in the thyroid, Th/B SUVmax-thyroid/SUVmax-blood-pool ratio