Fig. 1.

BAM-SiPc-PDT induced cell death through necroptosis. a Different concentrations of BAM-SiPc were incubated with CT26 cells. The cytotoxic effects with and without light illumination were determined. BAM-SiPc concentration of 8 nM was chosen for subsequent experiments. b The PDT-treated cells were incubated with necrostatin-1 (20 μΜ), zVAD-fmk (25 μM) and deferoxamine (10 μM). Cells were collected 6 h later for annexin V and PI staining and subjected to flow cytometric analysis. c The PDT-treated cells were collected at different time points for Western blot analysis of the indicated proteins. d The PDT-treated cells were incubated with anti-MLKL antibody for 6 h in a co-immunoprecipitation assay. The pull-downed proteins were subjected to Western blot analysis. Data shown are means ± SEM or representative results of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; n.s. not significant