FIGURE 4.

The association between ROS and cancer immunotherapy. The role of ROS is closely intertwined with cancer immunotherapy. ROS profoundly influences the efficacy of various immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint therapy, CAR‐T cells, and cancer vaccines. Notably, novel immunotherapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and metal nanoparticle therapy (MNT) have been developed based on ROS. Targeting ROS modulators shows promising potential for achieving significant clinical effects. xCT, the glutamate/cystine antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11).