Table 2.
Basic characteristics, risk factors for CAD and laboratory measurements
| AC + MRT (n = 132) | AC alone (n = 114) | Controls (n = 58) | p-value (ANOVA) | p-value AC + MRT vs. AC alone | p-value AC + MRT vs. controls | p-value AC alone vs. controls | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic characteristics and risk factors | |||||||
| Age, years | 46 ± 9 | 46 ± 10 | 47 ± 9 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Males, n (%) | 50 (37) | 76 (65) | 31 (53) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.11 | 0.43 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.5 ± 5.3 | 26.6 ± 3.7 | 26.5 ± 4.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Smoking (current or prior), n (%) | 42 (31) | 59 (50) | 21 (36) | 0.008 | 0.006 | 1.00 | 0.26 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131 ± 16 | 134 ± 17 | 134 ± 15 | 0.45 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 82 ± 11 | 84 ± 11 | 82 ± 9 | 0.51 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.79 |
| High blood pressure, n (%) | 56 (44) | 48 (43) | 21 (38) | 0.70 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High measured BP | 49 (38) | 43 (38) | 20 (36) | 0.94 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Antihypertensive med. | 23 (17) | 16 (14) | 4 (7) | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.23 | 0.66 |
| High cholesterol, n (%) | 39 (36) | 46 (49) | 19 (35) | 0.11 | 0.16 | 1.00 | 0.30 |
| High measured chol. | 28 (26) | 40 (43) | 20 (36) | 0.048 | 0.044 | 0.58 | 1.00 |
| Lipid-lowering med. | 15 (11) | 11 (9) | 0 (0) | 0.034 | 1.00 | 0.029 | 0.16 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 26 (20) | 24 (22) | 12 (21) | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 3 (2) | 8 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.038 | 0.15 | 1.00 | 0.06 |
| Established CAD, n (%) | 9 (7) | 4 (4) | 1 (2) | 0.22 | 0.64 | 0.34 | 1.00 |
| Prior myocardial inf. | 5 (4) | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.34 | 1.00 | 0.48 | 0.62 |
| Angina pectoris | 6 (5) | 4 (4) | 1 (2) | 0.61 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.00 |
| Framingham risk score, % (IQR) | 1.1 (0.4–3.4) | 3.7 (0.8–11.9) | 3.2 (1.0–8.0) | < 0.001 | 0.012 | < 0.001 | 1.00 |
| Cardioprotective medication, n (%) | 28 (21) | 21 (18) | 4 (7) | 0.06 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.20 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 1.00 |
| Low density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 0.57 |
| High-sensitive CRP, mg/L (IQR) | 0.8 (0–3.6) | 0.0 (0–1.7) | 0.8 (0.8–2.1) | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.57 | 0.025 |
| Pro-BNP, µmol/L (IQR) | 70 (27–124) | < 50 (0–63) | < 50 (0–78) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.81 |
| HbA1c, % | 36 ± 6 | 36 ± 8 | 34 ± 3 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.12 | 0.21 |
| Creatinine, | 70 ± 15 | 72 ± 12 | 65 ± 9 | < 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 0.039 |
| Hemoglobin, mg/dl | 13.7 ± 1.2 | 14.3 ± 1.2 | 13.3 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.41 | < 0.001 |
Data expressed as mean ± SD for parametric data and median (IQR) for non-parametric data. P-values derived from simple one-way ANOVA for continual, parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA for continual, non-parametric data. Comparison between individual groups performed with the Bonferonni correction for multiple comparisons. Framingham risk score is the 10-year risk of CAD calculated using the Framingham Risk Score for Hard Coronary Heart Disease. Cardioprotective medication is defined as using at least one of the following: ACE-inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, statins or ASA