TABLE 3.
Representative studies on MSC-Exos drug delivery for OA therapy in last 5 years.
| Sources | Isolation | Model | Cargo loading | Target | Biological effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD-MSCs | UC | Rats (MIA) | miR-376c-3p | WNT3 | Mitigate chondrocyte degradation and synovial fibrosis | Li et al. (2023) |
| Natural cargo | WNT9a | |||||
| SMSCs | HieffTM EEK | Rats (DMM) | miR-320c | ADAM19 | Suppresses ECM degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis | Kong et al. (2023) |
| Lipofectamine Trans | ||||||
| BMSCs | UC | Mice chon-drocyte (COL II) | lncRNA KLF3-AS1 | YBX1 | Inhibit IL-1 β induced autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway | Wen et al. (2022) |
| Plasmid Trans | ||||||
| BMSCs | UC | Mice (DMM) | circRNA_0001236 | miR-3677-3p | Regulate cartilage metabolic balance and promote chondrogenic differentiation | Mao et al. (2021) |
| Plasmid Trans | ||||||
| SF-MSCs | UC | Rats (ACLT) | Kartogenin | — | Enable in situ chondrogenic differentiation of the transplanted SF-MSCs for cartilage regeneration | Xu et al. (2021) |
| Electroporation | ||||||
| BMSCs | UC | Rats chon-drocyte (IL-1β) | miR-127-3p | CDH11 | Blocking the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation to relieve chondrocyte damage | Dong et al. (2021) |
| Natural cargo | ||||||
| SMSCs | UC | OA PHCs | miR-129-5p | HMGB1 | Declined the inflammatory response and apoptosis of chondrocytes | Qiu et al. (2021) |
| Lipofectamine Trans | ||||||
| BMSCs | UC | Rats (ACLT) | miR-361-5p | DDX20 | Alleviates OA damage by inactivating the NF-κβ signaling pathway | Tao et al. (2021) |
| Lipofectamine Trans | ||||||
| BMSCs | UC | Rats (ACLT) | miR-9-5p | SDC1 | Reduce levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress damage | Jin et al. (2020) |
| Lipofectamine Trans | ||||||
| BMSCs | UC | OA PHCs | miR-136-5p | ELF3 | Promotes chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits chondrocyte degeneration | Chen et al. (2020) |
| Oligonucleotide Trans | ||||||
| BMSCs | UC | Mice | Curcumin | miR-143 | Reduce chondrocytes apoptosis | Qiu et al. (2020) |
| Co-culture | miR-124 | |||||
| hIPFP-MSCs | ExoQuick ™ EEK; UC | Mice (DMM) | miR-100-5p | mTOR | Maintaining cartilage homeostasis | Wu et al. (2019) |
| AD-MSCs | Natural cargo | |||||
| BMSCs | UC | OA PHCs | miR-92a-3p | WNT5A | Promotes chondrocytes migration, proliferation and differentiation | Mao et al. (2021) |
| Lipofectamine Trans | ||||||
| BMSCs | Thermo ScientificTM EEK | Rats (COL II) | lncRNA KLF3-AS1 | — | Suppressed IL-1β-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes, promoted cartilage repair and chondrocyte proliferation | Liu et al. (2018) |
| Lentivirus Trans | ||||||
| BMSCs | UC | Mice (ACLT) | miR-135b | PDGF-BB | Inhibits abnormal angiogenesis in subchondral bone and alleviate OA-induced pain and bone resorption | Wang and Xu (2022) |
| TGF-β stimulated | MAPK6 | Promoted M2 polarization of synovial macrophages | Wang and Xu (2021) | |||
| Genese-edTM EEK | Rats (DMM) | Sp1 | Promoted chondrocyte proliferation | Wang et al. (2018) |
Abbreviations: UC, Ultracentrifugation; EEK, exosome extraction kit; OA PHCs, osteoarthritis primary human chondrocytes; MIA, monosodium iodoacetate; ACLT, anterior cruciate ligament transaction; DMM, destabilization of the medial meniscus; COL II, collagenase II induced; Trans, Transfection; Abbreviations for genes and proteins can be found at the end of the paper.