Table 1.
Selected characteristics of studies included for outcome data
| Study | Country | Year(s) of Study | Study Design | Study Arms | Index Case Detection | Malaria Transmission | RACD Diagnostic | Drug Used for RACDT | Drug Used for RDA | Radius for RACDT | Radius for RDA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized | |||||||||||
| RACDT and RDA | |||||||||||
| Bridges 202131 | Zambia | 2016–18 | cRCT | Two-arm trial comparing RDA with RACD | PS | 12.7 per 1,000 API in 2015 | RDT (HRP2) | AL | DP | 140 m | 140 m |
| Hsiang 202032 | Namibia | 2017 | cRCT | Four-arm trial with factorial design: RDA, reactive IRS (+RACD), RDA+reactive IRS, and RACD) | PS | 35.9 per 1,000 API in 2016 | RDT (HRP2/pLDH) (Pf/PAN) | AL+low dose PQ | AL | 500 m | 500 m |
| Vilakati 202133 | Eswatini | 2016–17 | cRCT | Two-arm trial comparing RDA with RACD | PS | 6.3 per 1,000 API in RDA arm, 2012–2015 | RDT (HRP2) | AL | DP | 500 m | 200 m |
| RDA only | |||||||||||
| Eisele 2020–LOW30 | Zambia | 2015–16 | cRCT | Three-arm trial with two intervention arms (MDA and RDA) and one control arm | AS (four rounds) | <10% PfPR among CU5 | – | – | DP | HH only | HH only |
| Eisele 2020–HIGH30 | Zambia | 2015–16 | cRCT | Three-arm trial with two intervention arms (MDA and RDA) and one control arm | AS (four rounds) | ≥10% PfPR among CU5 | – | – | DP | HH only | HH only |
| Okebe 202134 | The Gambia | 2017–18 | cRCT | Two-arm trial comparing RDA with control* | PS | Malaria prevalence in 2012 in two study areas was 4.6% and 8.4% by PCR | – | – | DP | Compound only (if febrile) | Compound only |
| Nonrandomized | |||||||||||
| RACDT only | |||||||||||
| Searle 202027 | Zambia | 2016–18 | Uncontrolled before–after | RACD only | PS | 1.3% PfPR in 2013 | RDT (HRP2) | AL | – | 250 m | – |
| Fontoura 201628 | Amazonia (Brazil) | 2013 | Controlled before–after | RACD in index/neighbor HH, no RACD in control HH | PS | Five per 1,000 in 2012 | Thick smear microscopy | CQ+low- dose PQ | – | Five nearest HH | – |
| RDA only | |||||||||||
| Quispe 201829 | Peru | 2009–10 | NRS (quasi- experimental with control) | Comparison of districts with RDA vs. districts with no RDA | PS | 8.2 per 1,000 API in 2010 | – | – | CQ+PQ | HH members + social contacts | – |
AL = artemether-lumefantrine; API = annual parasite incidence; AS = active surveillance; CQ = chloroquine; cRCT = cluster randomized-controlled trial; CU5 = Children <5 years of age; DP = dihyroartemisinin-piperaquine; HH = households; HRP2 = histidine-rich protein 2; IRS = indoor residual spraying; MDA = mass drug administration; NRS = nonrandomized study; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; Pf = Plasmodium falciparum; PfPR = Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate; pLDH = Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase PQ = primaquine; PS = passive surveillance; Pv = Plasmodium vivax; RACDT = reactive case detection; RDA = reactive drug administration; RDT = rapid diagnostic test.