Table 3.
Pooled aORs from random-effects meta-analyses for cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and chronic pain outcomes.
| Cumulative ACEs | Any chronic painful conditions | Chronic musculoskeletal disorders | Chronic non-musculoskeletal disorders | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies (n) | OR (95 CI) | I2; Tau2; PI | Studies (n) | OR (95% CI) | I2; Tau2; PI | Studies (n) | OR (95% CI) | I2; Tau2; PI | |
| 1 ACE | 13 | 1.29 (1.22–1.37)*** | 3 | 1.19 (1.09–1.23)*** | 9 | 1.33 (1.21–1.47)*** | |||
| 2 ACEs | 12 | 1.54 (1.39-1.71)*** | 3 | 1.42 (1.24–1.62)*** | 9 | 1.57 (1.40–1.75)*** | |||
| 3 ACEs | 9 | 1.75 (1.54–1.98)*** | 2 | 1.50 (1.26–1.79)** | 7 | 1.84 (1.59–2.12)*** | |||
| 4+ ACEs | 12 | 1.95 (1.73–2.19)*** | 6 | 1.81 (1.63–2.00)*** | 7 | 2.01 (1.75–2.29)*** | |||
| Overall | 46 | 1.47 (1.41–1.54)*** | 94.6%; 0.029; 1.04–2.07 | 14 | 1.45 (1.16–1.82)*** | 88.5%; 0.019; 0.98–2.15 | 32 | 1.66 (1.37–2.02)*** | 89,2%; 0.037 1.07–2.57 |
Note. aOR = Adjusted Odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% Confidence Intervals; I2=Heterogeneity; PI = Prediction Interval.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.
ACE = Adverse Child Experience; MSDs = Musculoskeletal disorders; Any chronic painful conditions includes Chronic pain (undifferentiated) + Chronic musculoskeletal disorders (arthritis, back or neck pain, and general musculoskeletal pain) + Chronic non-musculoskeletal disorders (fibromyalgia; chronic headache, migraine; irritable bowel syndrome; posterior pelvic pain).