Table 1.

A review of the literature on tuberculous gumma published since 2000

Case	Sex	Age (years)	Location	Extra Skin Sites	Risk Factors	Etiological Assessment			Histopathology of Skin Biopsy
						Mantoux Test	MTB-PCR Test	Cultures	Granuloma w/ or w/o Necrosis	Main Inflammatory Cells	AFB
111	M	45	Abdomen, extremities	Lung	IST, CT		Skin +	Skin +	w/o	LH	+
212	M	56	Thigh, trunk	None	CT	–	Skin +	Pus +	No clear granulomas	Mixed inflammatory cells	+
313	F	70	Forearm, axilla	Lymph nodes	Splenectomy			Lymph node +	No clear granulomas	LH, eosinophils	–
414	F	45	Limb, groins	Lymph nodes, bone	Family history of pulmonary TB	+	Skin +		w/o	Mixed inflammatory cells	–
515	F	33	Buttock, extremities	Lung, bone	Pregnancy		Skin –	Skin +	w/	Neutrophil-dominated purulent inflammation	–
616	F	5	Neck, extremities	Bone	Malnutrition, family history of pulmonary TB	+			w/	LH	–
717	M	8	Retroauricular, extremities	None	Malnutrition	+			w/
818	M	24	Trunk, extremities,	Lung, bone	None			Pus +
919	M	88	Left wrist	None	CT, history of pulmonary TB, trauma	–	Skin –	Skin +	w/	Mixed inflammatory cells	–
1020	F	15	Extremities	Lymph nodes, bone	Malnutrition		Pus +	Pus +
1121	F	40	Left thigh	Lymph nodes	None	+		Lymph node +
1222	F	77	Left knee	Lung	CT	–	Skin +	Skin +	w/	Epithelioid cells and giant cells	–
1323	M	26	Right thigh	Lymph nodes	None	+
1424	F	62	Abdomen, labia majora	Lung, urinary and digestive tract, muscle	Family history of pulmonary TB, thymectomy, IST, CT			Skin, abscess, sputum, urine, gastric juice+	No clear granulomas w/ necrosis	LH	+
1525	F	45	Forearm, finger	Lung	Family history of pulmonary TB, IST, CT		Skin, sputum, gastric juice +	Skin +	No clear granulomas	LH	+
1626	M	68	Chest	None	History of pulmonary TB		sputum +	Skin +
1727	M	44	Extremities	Lung, bone	Alcohol abuse	+		Sputum, skin +	w/	LH, plasma cells	–
1828	M	72	Forearm, perineum	Liver, spleen	Lymphoma	–		Ulcer specimen +
1929	M	19	Extremities	Lung, bone	None	+		Cultures +*	w/
This case	M	8	Left elbow	None	Malnutrition, trauma	+	Skin NGS +	Skin +	w/o	Neutrophil-dominated purulent inflammation	–

AFB = acid-fast bacilli; CT = corticosteroids therapy; F = female; IST: immunosuppressive therapy; LH = lymphohistiocytes; M = male; MTB = Mycobacterium tuberculosis; NGS = next-generation sequencing; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; TB = tuberculosis; w/ = with; w/o = without.

^* The culture source is not provided in the literature.