Table 2. F- and p-values based on linear mixed-effects models on the effect of System (rainforest, rubber and oil palm plantation), Layer (litter, soil) and Season (March, June, August, November) on total density of Collembola, and on the density of atmobiotic, ep.

	Df	F-value	p-value
TOTAL
System	2	48.20	<0.001***
Layer	1	0.06	0.79
Season	3	9.50	0.023***
Layer × Season	2	16.10	<0.001***
Layer × System	3	11.58	0.008**
System × Season	6	19.96	0.002**
Layer × System × Season	6	19.61	0.003**
ATMOBIOTIC
System	2	45.92	<0.001***
Layer	1	0.07	0.78
Season	3	17.38	<0.001***
Layer × Season	3	5.04	0.16
Layer × System	2	45.81	<0.001***
System × Season	6	7.09	0.32
Layer × System × Season	6	8.20	0.22
EPEDAPHIC
System	2	5.19	0.07
Layer	1	17.76	<0.001***
Season	3	6.44	0.09
Layer × Season	3	21.92	<0.001***
Layer × System	2	0.09	0.95
System × Season	6	18.42	0.005**
Layer × System × Season	6	12.86	0.04*
HEMIEDAPHIC
System	2	5.20	0.07
Layer	1	9.15	0.002**
Season	3	1.51	0.002**
Layer × Season	3	8.79	0.032*
Layer × System	2	2.92	0.23
System × Season	6	11.43	0.075
Layer × System × Season	6	7.44	0.281
EUEDAPHIC
System	2	23.35	<0.001***
Layer	1	2.39	0.12
Season	3	0.99	0.80
Layer × Season	2	0.09	0.011*
Layer × System	2	11.96	0.002**
System × Season	6	7.43	0.28
Layer × System × Season	6	18.24	0.005**

Notes:

Df, degrees of freedom; significant effects are given in bold.

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001.