Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of GO patients and healthy controls.
| Graves’ orbitopathy | Healthy Controls | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 111) | (n = 25) | |||
| Sex | Male | 37 (33.3%) | 5 (20%) | 0.236a |
| Female | 74 (66.7%) | 20 (80%) | ||
| Age (years) | Mean | 49.2 (± 15.7) | 39.8 (± 11.5) | < 0.01b |
| Smoking status | Smoker | 34 (30.6%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001a |
| Non-smoker | 57 (51.4%) | 25 (100%) | ||
| Unknown | 20 (18.0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Thyroid disease history | Hyperthyroidism | 103 (92.8%) | N/A | N/A |
| Hypothyroidism | 8 (7.2%) | |||
| Previous thyroid treatment | Complete or partial thyroidectomy | 11 (9.9%) | N/A | N/A |
| Radioactive iodine | 25 (22.5%) | |||
| Current thyroid medication | Block & replace | 35 (31.5%) | N/A | N/A |
| Titration | 16 (14.4%) | |||
| Thyroid hormone | 37 (33.3%) | |||
| None | 23 (20.7%) | |||
| Duration of symptoms (months) | Median | 10 (IQR 22) | N/A | N/A |
| CAS | Median | 2.0 (IQR 3) | N/A | N/A |
| Active (CAS ≥ 3) | 45 (40.5%) | |||
| Inactive (CAS < 3) | 65 (58.6%) | |||
| Unknown | 1 (0.9%) | |||
| Severity | Mild | 14 (12.6%) | N/A | N/A |
| Moderate-to-severe | 87 (78.4%) | |||
| Severe | 10 (9.0%) | |||
| Response to IVMP | Responder | 22 (56.4%) | N/A | N/A |
| Non-responder | 16 (41.0%) | |||
| Unknown | 1 (2.6%) |
CAS (Clinical Activity Score); IVMP (intravenous methylprednisolone); IQR (interquartile range); N/A (not applicable).
a: Fisher’s exact test, Freeman-Halton extension when appropriate.
b: Independent sample t-test.