Table 4.

Image quality comparison in the prospective test set with number of acquisitions = 1 (Median [Q1–Q3])

		Accelerated Scan			p-value
Qualitative metrics	Reader	DNN-N1pros	TSE-N1pros	TSE-Conv	DNN-N1pros vs TSE-N1pros	DNN-N1pros vs TSE-Conv
Overall image quality
	1	5 [4–5]	3 [3–3]	4 [4–4]	<0.001	<0.001
	2	4 [4–5]	3 [2–3]	5 [5–5]	<0.001	<0.001a
Perceived SNR
	1	5 [5–5]	3 [3–3]	4 [4–4]	<0.001	<0.001
	2	5 [5–5]	3 [3–3]	5 [4–5]	<0.001	<0.004
Artifacts
	1	3 [2–4]	3 [2–4]	3 [3–4]	0.002b	0.825
	2	4 [4–4]	4 [3–4]	4 [4–5]	0.102	<0.001a
Sharpness
Prostate	1	5 [4–5]	4 [3–4]	4 [4–5]	<0.001	0.052
	2	5 [4–5]	3 [3–4]	5 [5–5]	<0.001	0.013
Seminal vesicle	1	5 [4–5]	4 [3–4]	5 [3–5]	<0.001	0.272
	2	5 [4–5]	3 [3–3]	5 [4–5]	<0.001	0.366
Rectal wall	1	5 [4–5]	4 [3–4]	4 [4–5]	<0.001	0.134
	2	5 [4–5]	4 [3–4]	5 [5–5]	<0.001	0.132
Urinary bladder	1	4 [4–5]	4 [4–4]	4 [4–4]	<0.001	0.007
	2	4 [4–5]	3 [3–4]	4 [4–5]	<0.001	0.285
Obturator muscle	1	5 [5–5]	5 [4–5]	5 [5–5]	<0.001	>0.999
	2	5 [5–5]	4 [4–4]	5 [5–5]	<0.001	0.025

N represents the number of acquisitions; DNN, a deep neural network; SNR, Signal-to-noise ratio; TSE, turbo spin echo images; TSE-Conv, turbo spin echo images from conventional scans;pros, the prospective test set was acquired with accelerated scans.

Bold numbers indicate statistically significant p-value with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05/2).

^aindicates that DNN shows significantly lower values than TSE.

^bDNN-N1_pros shows significantly higher artifact scores than TSE-N1_pros (Averaged score: DNN-N1_pros = 3.3 and TSE-N1_pros = 2.8).