Table 3.
Treatment-emergent adverse drug reactions among people with HIV during follow-up.
| Total | Younger | Middle-aged | Older | |
| ADR cases | 5.74 (5.32–6.20) | 5.30 (4.41–6.34) | 5.33 (4.73–6.01) | 6.52 (5.77–7.36) |
| At least two kinds of ADR cases | 1.74 (1.51–2.01) | 0.87 (0.54–1.39) | 1.73 (1.39–2.15) | 2.25 (1.82–2.79) |
| Kinds of ADRs | ||||
| Bone marrow suppressiona | 3.09 (2.60–3.66) | 3.98 (2.37–6.52) | 2.57 (1.96–3.36) | 3.50 (2.72–4.48) |
| Renal dysfunctionb | 3.02 (2.54–3.58) | 1.99 (0.93–4.04) | 3.00 (2.33–3.83) | 3.28 (2.52–4.24) |
| Rashesc | 2.26 (1.85–2.76) | 6.72 (4.56–9.74) | 1.78 (1.28–2.46) | 1.83 (1.28–2.60) |
| Central nervous signsd | 1.61 (1.27–2.05) | 3.48 (1.99–5.91) | 1.31 (0.89–1.92) | 1.56 (1.06–2.27) |
| Digestive reactione | 1.43 (1.11–1.84) | 3.98 (2.37–6.52) | 1.03 (0.66–1.58) | 1.33 (0.88–2.01) |
| Abnormal liver functionf | 1.06 (0.79–1.42) | 3.23 (1.81–5.61) | 0.98 (0.63–1.53) | 0.67 (0.36–1.2) |
| Osteoporosisg | 0.92 (0.67–1.27) | 0.50 (0.09–1.99) | 0.80 (0.48–1.30) | 1.17 (0.74–1.81) |
| Abnormal lipid metabolismh | 0.14 (0.06–0.32) | 0.50 (0.09–1.99) | 0.05 (0.00–0.30) | 0.17 (0.04–0.53) |
| Othersi | 0.39 (0.24–0.64) | 0.50 (0.09–1.99) | 0.47 (0.24–0.89) | 0.28 (0.10–0.69) |
ADR rates were expressed as ADR per 100 person-years with 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on an exact Poisson distribution. ADR, adverse drug reaction.
Bone marrow suppression was defined as a decrease in hemoglobin or hematocrit by more than 25% from baseline levels, hemoglobin levels of less than 70 g/l, and/or neutrophil counts less than 0.75 × 109/l.
Renal dysfunction was defined as elevated serum creatinine, mild-to-moderate increase in urine albumin, and a reduction in creatinine clearance to less than 60 ml/min.
Rash was defined as participants experience symptoms such as itching, scaling, erythema, and blistering after ART.
Central nervous system reaction was defined as dizziness, headache, insomnia, dreaminess, mood disorders, poor concentration, depression, confusion, and even suicidal ideation, and in severe cases, delirium and cataplexy after ART.
Digestive reaction were defined as nausea, vomiting, bloating, and diarrhea commonly occurring after ART.
Abnormal liver function was characterized as serum transaminase levels exceeding 200 U/l or bilirubin levels surpassing 50 μmol/l.
Osteoporosis was defined as T-score less than −2.5 indicates osteoporosis, and a T-score between −1 and −2.5 defines decreased bone mass.
Abnormal lipid metabolism included fat deposition and lipoatrophy, often accompanied by hyperlipidemia. These abnormalities are characterized by fat atrophy in the limbs, buttocks, and face, alongside fat accumulation in the waist, back, and breasts. Fat atrophy is primarily observed in the face, limbs, and buttocks.
Other ADRs include optic neuritis, mammary hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, and gynecomastia.