Figure 3:

Ripple maps show all components of electrograms (voltage, waveform, and timing) displayed as dynamic bars. Extensive scarring (voltages, ≤0.1 mV; color red) of the posterior wall, roof, and most of the left atrium with low indiscernible and virtually no electrograms and only discrete areas of viable tissue (voltages, 0.25–≥0.5 mV; color yellow/green to purple) within the scarred regions are seen in the anterior wall of the left atrium. The top panel includes the entire left atrial chamber divided into (A) anterior, (B) left lateral, (C) posterior, and (D) right lateral segments, with the black arrow tracking the activation sequence. The bottom left panel (E) shows the early-meets-late activation segment between the left atrial anterior wall and the right superior pulmonary vein. The pink, red, and green dots represent the start and end ablation points, ablation lesions, and tachycardia termination point, respectively. The brown line represents the previously ablated anterior mitral isthmus line, which was incomplete. The bottom right panel shows intracardiac electrograms recorded in the CS and ablation catheter (MAP) during tachycardia and in sinus rhythm upon termination during the application of radiofrequency energy, represented by the brown bar at the bottom.