Table 1.
Summary of Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Authors, year, reference | Participant characteristics |
Psychiatric assessments and characteristics |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group(s) | Age range, y | Depression (n) | HC (n) | Average age, y (age SD), depression | Sex (F/M), depression | Average age, y (age SD), HC | Sex (F/M), HC | Race / ethnicity | Sample overlap with another included study | SES | Diagnostic details (for depression) | Depression severity (scale type) | Co-occurring psychiatric conditions | Psychiatric medication use (Y/N) | |
| Lee et al. (2021)29 | MDD, HC | 13-18 | 31 | 27 | 15.03 (1.45) | 19 F, 12 M | 15.96 (1.02) | 22 F, 5 M | N/A | N/A | N/A | K-SADS-PL | CDI, HDRS | Y | N (initially) |
| Wu et al. (2020)18 | MDD, HC | 13-17 | 36 | 37 | 15.6 (1.27) | 24 F, 12 M | 15.6 (1.30) | 19 F, 18 M | N/A | N/A | N/A | K-SADS-PL | HAMD-17 | N | N |
| van Velzen et al. (2020)22 | MDD, HC | 12-21 | 372 | 290 | 15.53 (1.55) | 255 F, 117 M | 14.6 (1.64) | 192 F, 98 M | N/A | N/A | N/A | Differs across 20 testing sites | BDI-II, HDRS-17 | Y | Y |
| Cullen et al. (2020)30 | MDD, HC | 12-19 | 44 | 37 | 15.9 (2.02) | 11 F, 33 M | 16.3 (2.12) | 12 F, 25 M | N/A | N/A | Y | K-SADS-PL | BDI-II, CDRS-R, IDAS | Y | N (except stimulants) |
| Chu et al. (2018)31 | MDD, HC | 15-19 | 52 | 27 | 15.62 (1.56) | 41 F, 11 M | 16.32 (2.1) | 19 F, 8 M | N/A | N (but 2 excluded publications) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Chang et al. (2018)32 | SZ, BD, MDD, HC | 13-18 | 45 | 43 | N/A (not provided for ages 13-18 y) | N/A (not provided for ages 13-18 y) | N/A (not provided for ages 13-18 y) | N/A (not provided for ages 13-18 y) | N/A | N/A | N/A | K-SADS-PL | HAMD-17, HDRS | Y | Y |
| Tymofiyeva et al. (2017)33 | MDD, HC | 13-17 | 57 | 41 | 16.2 (1.3) | 33 F, 24 M | 16 (1.4) | 25 F, 16 M | N/A | Y (LeWinn et al.17 51 MDD and 39 HC subjects overlapped) | Y | K-SADS-PL | CDRS-R, RADS-2 | N/A | Y |
| Geng et al. (2016)34 | MDD, HC | 13-17 | 26 | 31 | 15.6 (1.27) | 19 F, 7 M | 15.6 (1.38) | 17 F, 14 M | N/A | N/A | N/A | K-SADS-PL | HAMD-17 | N/A | N |
| LeWinn et al. (2014)17 | MDD, HC | 13-17 | 52 | 42 | 16.2 (0.2) | 31 F, 21 M | 16 (0.2) | 26 F, 16 M | Y | Y (Tymofiyeva et al.33) | Y | K-SADS-PL | CDRS-R, RADS-2 | Y | N |
| Aghajani et al. (2014)35 | MDD, HC | 13-19 | 25 | 21 | 15.6 (1.4) | 21 F, 4 M | 14.7 (1.6) | 18 F, 3 M | N/A | N/A | N/A | Clinical assessment (by child and adolescent psychiatrists) | CDI, RCADS, YSR, CBCL | Y | N |
| Henderson et al. (2013)21 | MDD, HC | 13-20 | 17 | 16 | 16.8 (2.2) | 8 F, 9 M | 16.4 (1.4) | 10 F, 6 M | Y | N/A | N/A | K-SADS-PL, | CDRS-R, BDI-II | Y | N |
| Bessette et al. (2014)19 | MDD, HC | 13-19 | 31 | 31 | 17.1 (1.88) | 24 F, 7 M | 17.0 (2.4) | 19 F, 12 M | Y | N/A | N/A | K-SADS-PL, SCID-IV | BDI-II | Y | Y |
| Cullen et al. (2010)20 | MDD, HC | 15-19 | 14 | 14 | 16.79 (1.29) | 10 F, 4 M | 16.81 (1.5) | 8 F, 6 M | Y | N/A | N/A | K-SADS-PL | BDI-II | Y | Y |
| Wu et al. (2022)36 | MDD, ADHD, HC | N/A | 22 | 29 | 15.91 (1.80) | 18 F, 4 M | 15.24 (1.60) | 16 F, 13 M | N/A | N/A | N/A | Participants meeting criteria per DSM-5 | MADRS, CBCL-AAA | N/A | Y |
Note: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BD = bipolar disorder; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; CDI = Children’s Depression Inventory; CDRS-R = Children’s Depression Rating Scale, Revised; DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; F = female; HAMD-17 = Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HC = healthy controls; HDRS = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; IDAS = Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms; K-SADS-PL = Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children: Present and Lifetime version; M = male; MADRS = Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MDD = major depressive disorder; N/A = not reported or not assessed; RADS-2 = Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, Second Edition; RCADS = Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale; SCID-IV = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; SES = socioeconomic status; SZ = schizophrenia; Y = yes; YSR = youth self-report.