Table 3.
Clinical group differences for vesicular glutamate transporter and spinophilin immunoreactivity measures obtained in the precuneus cortex
| NCI | MCI | mAD | sAD | p | Groupwise comparison(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VGluTl density | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.045 ± 0.009 | 0.041 ± 0.003 | 0.042 ± 0.003 | 0.030 ± 0.006 | <0.001a | NCI, MCI, mAD>sAD |
| (Median) | (0.0448) | (0.0416) | (0.0426) | (0.0305) | ||
| VGluTl intensity | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 3583±786 | 3,763 ± 566 | 3,952 ± 619 | 3,762 ± 1,460 | 0.91a | ANOVA not significant |
| (Median) | (3,696) | (3,711) | (3,960) | (4,181) | ||
| VGluT2 density | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.06 ± 0.05 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.12a | ANOVA not significant |
| (Median) | (0.0448) | (0.0389) | (0.0556) | (0.0501) | ||
| VGluT2 intensity | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 477±436 | 737±479 | 456 ± 207 | 427 ± 244 | 0.11a | ANOVA not significant |
| (Median) | (396) | (591) | (377) | (334) | ||
| Spinophilin density* | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.090 ± 0.03 | 0.068 ± 0.030 | 0.042 ± 0.030 | 0.009 ± 0.004 | 0.0003a | NCI, MCI > sAD; NCI > mAD |
| (Median) | (0.086l) | (0.0605) | (0.0344) | (0.0081) | ||
| Spinophilin intensity* | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 2908 ± 131.6 | 2782 ± 246.6 | 2671 ± 184.8 | 2519 ± 50.86 | 0.0004a | NCI, MCI > mAD, sAD |
| (Median) | (2888) | (2830) | (2636) | (2509) |
a
Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance.
∗
These data were published previously [84].
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance; NCI, no cognitive impairment; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; mAD, mild to moderate AD; sAD, moderate to severe AD; SD, standard deviation; VGluT, vesicular glutamate transporter.