Table 4.
Clinical group differences for vesicular glutamate transporter and spinophilin immunoreactivity measures obtained in the frontal cortex
| NCI | MCI | mAD | sAD | p | Groupwise comparison(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VGluTl density | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.040 ± 0.007 | 0.044 ± 0.007 | 0.043 ± 0.008 | 0.030 ± 0.008 | <0.001a | NCI, MCI, mAD > sAD |
| (Median) | (0.0401) | (0.0451) | (0.0417) | (0.0305) | ||
| VGluTl intensity | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 3071 ± 680.8 | 3662 ± 786.2 | 3800 ± 501.0 | 4031±1083 | 0.013a | MCI, mAD, sAD>NCI |
| (Median) | (3128) | (3914) | (3951) | (3583) | ||
| VGluT2 density | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.038 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.013a | MCI>sAD |
| (Median) | (0.0331) | (0.0473) | (0.0471) | (0.0284) | ||
| VGluT2 intensity | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 422 ± 243 | 296 ± 94 | 360±184 | 463 ± 149 | 0.13a | ANOVA not significant |
| (Median) | (347) | (278) | (323) | (494) | ||
| Spinophilin density | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.1301 ± 0.06 | 0.1527 ± 0.03 | 0.1408 ± 0.06 | 0.1031 ± 0.05 | 0.06a | ANOVA not significant |
| (Median) | (0.1099) | (0.1440) | (0.1281) | (0.09) | ||
| Spinophilin intensity | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 2815 ± 859.7 | 2323 ± 532.4 | 3086 ± 704.5 | 2204 ± 463.8 | 0.09a | ANOVA not significant |
| (Median) | (2604) | (2421) | (3072) | (2247) |
a
Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance.
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance; NCI, no cognitive impairment; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; mAD, mild to moderate AD; sAD, moderate to severe AD; SD, standard deviation; VGluT, vesicular glutamate transporter.