TABLE 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics Stratified by Sedation Cluster
| Characteristic | Total (N = 1,313) | Sedation Cluster 1 (Opioid and Propofol Predominant; n = 1,060)a | Sedation Cluster 2 (Opioid and Benzodiazepine Predominant; n = 253)a |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age, y | 63 (54–72) | 62 (53–72) | 66 (57–74) |
| Sex, female | 451 (34) | 362 (34) | 89 (35) |
| Race | |||
| White | 536 (41) | 413 (39) | 123 (49) |
| Black | 313 (24) | 233 (22) | 80 (32) |
| Asian | 137 (10) | 124 (12) | 13 (5) |
| Multiracial or other race | 327 (25) | 290 (27) | 37 (15) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 218 (17) | 181 (17) | 37 (15) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Obese (≥ 30) | 616 (47) | 511 (48) | 105 (42) |
| Not obese (< 30) | 642 (49) | 506 (48) | 136 (54) |
| Unknown | 55 (4) | 43 (4) | 12 (5) |
| Charlson comorbidity score | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) |
| Active tobacco use | 69 (5) | 63 (6) | 6 (2) |
| Alcohol misuse disorder | 52 (4) | 49 (5) | 3 (1) |
| Substance misuse disorder | 26 (2) | 24 (2) | 2 (1) |
| Received neuromuscular blockade | 868 (66) | 725 (68) | 143 (57) |
| Underwent prone positioning | 686 (52) | 590 (56) | 96 (38) |
| Received inhaled pulmonary vasodilator | 587 (45) | 497 (47) | 90 (36) |
| Initial ventilator mode | |||
| Volume control | 802 (61) | 635 (60) | 167 (66) |
| Pressure control | 122 (9) | 98 (9) | 24 (10) |
| Other | 389 (30) | 327 (31) | 62 (25) |
| Maximum SOFA scoreb | 9 (6–11) | 8 (6–11) | 9 (6–12) |
| Pandemic timingc | |||
| Early (February 2020-June 2020) | 672 (54) | 511 (50) | 161 (74) |
| Late (July 2020-April 2021) | 570 (46) | 513 (50) | 57 (26) |
Data are presented as No. (%) or median (interquartile range). Percentages do not all sum to 100% because of rounding. SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
a
See Table 3 for full description of analgesia and sedation practices within clusters.
b
Missing for 28% of patients.
c
Missing for 5% of patients.