TABLE 2.

Various studies highlighting Bregs with allergic disease.

Disease	Role of Bregs in select studies	Study population
AA	Decreased influx of Bregs with impaired IL-10 secretion in allergic asthma44	AA patients with house dust mite allergy versus controls
	Bregs could suppress or reverse known airway inflammation via CD1d, functioning from an IL-10-mediated pathway103	B10 cells from spleens of helminth-infected mice that were transferred to ovalbumin-sensitized mice
AR	Reduced Breg expression in AR patients with Bregs suppressing Th2 responses and lower levels of Tfh-like cells and IL-21 production47	PBMCs isolated from AR individuals versus controls
	Peripheral B-cell subsets of AR patients found a decrease in Bregs48	AR patients versus controls B-cell subsets in peripheral blood
	Percentage of Bregs in total B cells were decreased in AR and even more so with disease progression to AR associated with asthma50	AR and AR+ asthma peripheral blood subset of Tfh cells and Breg cells
Food allergy	B10 responses decreased in the milk allergy group and increased in the milk-tolerant group55	Milk allergy patients versus milk-tolerant patients
	Adoptive transfer of tolerant B cells into a mouse with food allergy demonstrated deceased Th2 intestinal inflammation58	Food allergy mouse with Th2 inflammation of the intestine
AD	B10 in CD19+ B cells were downregulated in the AD63	AD mouse model
Allergic contact dermatitis	PI3K–Akt pathway is vital for B10 cells and CHS responses68	B-cell-specific PTEN-deficient mice
	Bregs played a role in UVB-induced immunosuppression in CHS72	CHS mouse model

Abbreviations: AA, allergic asthma; AD, atopic dermatitis; AR, allergic rhinitis; Breg, regulatory B cell; CHS, contact hypersensitivity; IL, interleukin; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; Tfh, T follicular helper; Th2, T-helper type 2; UVB, ultraviolet B.