Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and magnetic resonance characteristics
| People with MS | CIS | RRMS | PMS | HCs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 140 | 37 | 71 | 32 | 84 |
| n from each centre | Graz: 54 (38.5%) | Graz: 31 (83.8%) | Graz: 23 (32.4%) | Graz: 0 | Graz: 38 |
| Paris: 60 (42.9%) | Paris: 0 | Paris: 28 (39.4%) | Paris: 32 (100%) | Paris: 39 | |
| Siena: 26 (18.6%) | Siena: 6 (16.2%) | Siena: 20 (28.2%) | Siena: 0 | Siena: 7 | |
| Females/Males | 96/44 | 26/11 | 54/17 | 16/16 | 55/29 |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 38.2 ± 12.2 | 32.4 ± 8.5 | 35.12 ± 10.44 | 51.44 ± 9.75 | 34.3 ± 10.97 |
| Disease duration at baseline, months, mean ± SD | 64.81 ± 67.21 | 10.15 ± 15.77 | 76.31 ± 65.85 | 102.82 ± 71.01 | – |
| Follow-up, months, mean ± SD | 12.52 ± 5.5 | 11.8 ± 2.46 | 11.7 ± 6.66 | 12.72 ± 3.4 | – |
| EDSS at baseline, median (range) | 2.0 (0.0–7.5) | 1.5 (0.0–3.5) | 2.0 (0.0–6.0) | 6.0 (3.0–7.5) | – |
| EDSS at 5 years, median (range) | 2.0 (0.0–8.0) | 1.0 (0.0–5.5) | 2.0 (0.0–7.5) | 6.0 (3.0–8.0) | – |
| Clinical progression, n progressors/non-progressors (%) | 40/96 (29.4%) | 3/30 (9.1%) | 19/52 (26.7%) | 18/14 (56.2%) | – |
| Number of relapses, median (range) | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–1) | – |
| Type of treatment, n patients | NT = 85; FL = 41; SL = 14 | NT = 29; FL = 8; SL = 0 | NT = 30; FL = 31; SL = 9 | NT = 25; FL = 2; SL = 5 | – |
| T2 lesion volume, mm3, mean ± SD | 14964 ± 18326.39 | 5480.919 ± 6567.432 | 19875.47 ± 22573.17 | 15183 ± 12206.81 | – |
| Cortical atrophy, mean Jacobian ± SD | 0.002819 ± 0.0097 | 0.0038 ± 0.0082 | 0.00463 ± 0.00986 | −0.0023 ± 0.0093 | – |
CIS = clinically isolated syndrome; EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; FL = treated with first-line treatment; HC = healthy control; NT = not treated; PMS = progressive multiple sclerosis; RRMS = relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; SD = standard deviation; SL = treated with second-line treatment.