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. 2024 Jan 12;108(2):137–145. doi: 10.1159/000536253

Table 2.

The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the association between the quartiles of urinary PAHs and OAB, NHANES 2005–2016

Nocturia score Urgenturia score OBASS LEVEL OAB+
1-Hydroxynaphthalene, ng/L
 Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
 Q2 1.11 (0.91, 1.35) 1.30 (1.04, 1.63)# 1.17 (0.97, 1.43) 1.22 (0.92, 1.65)
 Q3 1.09 (0.92, 1.31) 1.36 (1.02, 1.80)# 1.18 (0.80, 1.45) 1.22 (0.89, 1.68)
 Q4 1.22 (1.01, 1.46)# 1.93 (1.47, 2.51)## 1.34 (1.09, 1.65)## 1.74 (1.30, 2.32)##
p for trend 0.041# 0.001## 0.007## 0.001##
2-Hydroxynaphthalene, ng/L
 Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
 Q2 1.12 (0.94, 1.31) 1.22 (0.95, 1.55) 1.15 (1.01, 1.34) 1.21 (0.94, 1.55)
 Q3 1.16 (0.98, 1.38) 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) 1.20 (1.01, 1.43)# 1.43 (1.10, 1.85)##
 Q4 1.39 (1.13, 1.70)## 1.57 (1.16, 2.14)## 1.40 (1.14, 1.73)## 1.73 (1.28, 2.34)##
p for trend 0.003## 0.008## 0.003## 0.001##
3-Hydroxyfluorene, ng/L
 Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
 Q2 1.01 (0.84, 1.22) 1.02 (0.79, 1.32) 1.08 (0.89, 1.32) 0.93 (0.71, 1.22)
 Q3 0.90 (0.74, 1.08) 1.05 (0.82, 1.35) 0.99 (0.82, 1.19) 0.83 (0.64, 1.08)
 Q4 1.08 (0.89, 1.31) 1.62 (0.81, 2.12)## 1.21 (0.99, 1.49) 1.43 (1.05, 1.95)#
p for trend 0.722 0.001## 0.129 0.036#
2-Hydroxyfluorene, ng/L
 Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
 Q2 1.14 (0.95, 1.36) 1.18 (0.91, 1.54) 1.22 (1.00, 1.48)# 1.02 (0.75, 1.40)
 Q3 1.22 (0.98, 1.48)# 1.11 (0.85, 1.42) 1.27 (1.04, 1.55)# 1.17 (0.88, 1.54)
 Q4 1.28 (1.05, 1.55)# 1.70 (1.27, 2.27)## 1.42 (1.19, 1.75)## 1.41 (1.00, 1.99)#
p for trend 0.011# 0.001## 0.002## 0.026#
1-Hydroxyphenanthrene, ng/L
 Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
 Q2 1.15 (0.97, 1.35) 1.07 (0.85, 1.36) 1.21 (1.01, 1.43)# 1.12 (0.84, 1.49)
 Q3 1.27 (1.05, 1.54)# 1.28 (0.99, 1.67) 1.34 (1.09, 1.63)## 1.36 (1.00, 1.85)#
 Q4 1.23 (1.04, 1.46)# 1.34 (1.03, 1.72)# 1.32 (1.13, 1.57)## 1.30 (0.96, 1.76)
p for trend 0.022## 0.021# 0.002## 0.053
1-Hydroxypyrene, ng/L
 Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
 Q2 1.09 (0.91, 1.31) 1.16 (0.90, 1.51) 1.20 (0.99, 1.43) 1.21 (0.91, 1.62)
 Q3 1.20 (1.02, 1.39)# 1.45 (1.13, 1.86)## 1.34 (1.15, 1.58)## 1.47 (1.11, 1.94)##
 Q4 1.19 (1.02, 1.38)## 1.63 (1.23, 2.14)## 1.31 (1.13, 1.52)## 1.39 (1.02, 1.91)#
p for trend 0.003# 0.001## 0.001## 0.018#

ORs were adjusted for all covariates including age, logarithmic urinary (mg/dL), gender, race, body mass index (BMI), educational level, marriage, poverty income ratio, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.

OAB+, participants had overactive bladder; CI, confidence interval.

# p < 0.05.

## p < 0.01.