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Effects of different concentrations of curcumin on the (A) NOX1, (B) NOX2, and (C) NOX4 mRNA gene expression in TGF-β-treated cells. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM of three replicates. GAPDH was the reference gene. (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated control; ##p < 0.01 and ###p < 0.001 vs. treated control; ns: not significant
