Table 3.

Different techniques and methods used for preparation of probiotic Lactobacillus formulations

Lactobacillus Formulation	Method	Reference
Lactobacillus acidophilus	Encapsulation of L. acidophilus alginate (Al) and alginate-chitosan (Al/Chi) through extrusion method to improve survival in intestine and freeze drying.	[58]
Lactobacillus plantarum 299v	Lyophilization has benefit to probiotics from harsh conditions. Microencapsulation was done to protect the probiotics by coating them.	[59]
Lactobacillus reuteri	Coacervation was used for probiotic microcapsules with benefits in terms of protective capabilities and viability.	[60]
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (Lactobacillus rhamnosus)	Encapsulation of L. rhamnosus GG strain in alginate systems was performed through ionotropic gelation technology. It is a method in which polyelectrolytes react with oppositely charged molecules which are subjected to sol-gel transition resulting in the formation of structured physical materials.	[61]
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5	Bacteria were microencapsulated to reduce the inhibition, and increased viability of the microencapsulated cultures. Bacterial damage during the microencapsulation by the emulsion method was indicated as low.	[62]
Lactobacillus sporogenes	Microencapsulation of probiotics using alginate beads has proven to improve viability of probiotic bacteria in gastric conditions.	[63]
Lactobacillus brevis	L. brevis loaded in buccal films by means of a modified casting-solvent evaporation method was able to deliver Lactobacilli inside the buccal cavity. This process involves the evaporation of a solvent from a starting solution and the subsequent formation of a polymeric membrane.	[64]