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. 2024 Mar 13;9(4):1049–1063. doi: 10.1038/s41564-024-01629-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — The directional movement of the septal peptidoglycan synthases FtsW and PBP1 is driven by their glycosyltransferase (GTase) and/or transpeptidase (TPase) activities. Processively moving FtsW/PBP1 complexes remain associated with the activating sub-complex DivIB/DivIC/FtsL to synthesize new peptidoglycan and thereby promote inward growth of the division septum. In this model, GTPase-driven treadmilling by FtsZ filaments neither determines the velocity of the essential PG synthesis enzyme complex, nor the rate of septum synthesis in S. aureus. Note that FtsA, DivIC and FtsL movement dynamics were not analysed in this study.