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. 2024 Apr 4;15:2932. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47154-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, b Schematic of the experimental setup for functional ultrasound (fUS) and functional ULM (fULM) brain imaging conducted in the coronal plane (bregma: −3.3 mm). The fUS and fULM experiment involved whisker stimulation in an anesthetized rat with continuous intravenous injection of MBs (Methods). c fUS activation map calculated as the Pearson correlation coefficient between Power Doppler signals over time and the stimulation pattern. d MB count over time for a pixel in selected vessels (i and ii in e) comparing conventional ULM and LOCA-ULM. e fULM activation map calculated as the Pearson correlation coefficient between the MB count (after tracking) over time and the stimulation pattern for both conventional ULM and LOCA-ULM. Zoomed-in views of the ULM image and activation map in the barrel cortex (S1BF) and the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) are shown, marked by a red rectangle. f Progressive enhancement of the fULM activation maps with an increasing number of stimulation cycle repetitions. n = 1 experiment. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.