Table 1.
Study characteristics of randomized controlled trials included in the network meta-analysis.
| Study | Region | No. | Eyes | Age | Gender (female, male) | BCVA | CMT | Intervention | Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audren 2006 (6) | France | 17 | 34 | 60.1,9.0 | NA | 0.72,0.28 | 528.70,155.78 | TA | Placebo |
| Aydin 2009 (7) | Turkey | 30 | 49 | 60.3,8.4 | 17,13 | 0.77,0.23 | NA | TA | TA+LP |
| Azad 2012 (8) | India | 40 | 40 | 52.4,5.9 | 15,25 | 0.85,0.11 | 425.15,102.41 | TA | IVB |
| Bhayana 2015 (9) | India | 30 | 30 | 57.7,7.4 | 18,12 | 0.70,0.41 | 444.00,74.86 | TA | IVB |
| Boyer 2014 (10) | Multicenter | 1048 | 1048 | 62.4,9.0 | 412,636 | 0.58,0.19 | NA | DEX | Placebo |
| Callanan 2013 (11) | Multicenter | 253 | 253 | 61.5,10.2 | 125,128 | 0.56,0.19 | 456.51,131.26 | DEX+LP | LP |
| Callanan 2017 (12) | Multicenter | 363 | 363 | 63.6,9.7 | 135,228 | 0.49,0.19 | 468.01,137.86 | DEX | IVR |
| Comet 2021 (13) | France | 41 | 41 | 67.9,8.6 | 18,23 | 0.53,0.29 | 466.94,129.64 | DEX | IVA |
| Danis 2016 (14) | Multicenter | 1034 | 1034 | 62.4,9.0 | 412,636 | 0.58,0.19 | 463.56,150.08 | DEX | Placebo |
| Dehghan 2008 (15) | Iran | 61 | 88 | 61.6,8.8 | 27,34 | 0.93,0.33 | 393.00,157.59 | TA | Placebo |
| Elman 2010 (16) | American | NA | 479 | 62.6,9.8 | NA | 0.39,0.24 | 394.19,118.71 | TA+LP | LP |
| Emily 2007 | American | NA | 82 | 58.6,10.4 | 35,47 | 0.10,0.10 | 328.28,68.58 | TA | LP |
| Emily 2007’ | American | NA | 85 | 61.0,11.0 | 29,56 | 0.12,0.12 | 326.24,63.51 | TA+LP | LP |
| Faghihi 2008 (17) | Iran | NA | 83 | 57.5,6.6 | 41,42 | 0.73,0.32 | 371.31,136.16 | IVB+TA | IVB |
| Fazel 2023 (18) | Iran | NA | 58 | 62.6,5.9 | 39,19 | 0.79,0.30 | 521.79,132.62 | IVB+TA | IVB |
| Gao 2022 | China | 36 | 36 | 67.7,8.9 | 20,16 | 0.60,0.22 | 500.78,72.47 | DEX+LP | LP |
| Gil 2011 (19) | Brazil | 14 | 21 | 59.3,6.0 | 10,4 | 0.88,0.30 | 405.37,33.52 | TA | LP |
| Gillies 2010 (20) | Australia | 54 | 84 | 66.2,9.2 | 36,48 | 0.59,0.24 | 479.75,139.24 | TA+LP | LP |
| Gillies 2014 (21) | Australia | 61 | 88 | 61.8,9.7 | 36,52 | 0.58,0.24 | 487.99,119.67 | DEX | IVB |
| Heng 2016 (22) | UK | 80 | 80 | 63.4,11.9 | 14,66 | 0.37,0.24 | 455.50,114.71 | DEX+LP | LP |
| Isaac 2012 (23) | Brazil | 11 | 22 | 64.6,9.8 | 5,6 | 0.72,0.30 | 490.50,102.03 | TA | IVB |
| Jonas 2004 (24) | Germany | 25 | 50 | 66.6,8.3 | NA | 0.78,0.30 | NA | TA | Placebo |
| Kriechbaum 2014 (25) | Austria | 30 | 30 | 59.0,11.0 | 18,12 | 0.31,0.20 | 497.50,110.34 | TA | IVB |
| Lam 2007 (26) | HongKong | 73 | 73 | 65.5,9.3 | 37,36 | 0.66,0.35 | 404.23,105.14 | TA+LP | LP |
| Lam 2007’ (26) | HongKong | 75 | 75 | 66.7,9.0 | 41,34 | 0.68,0.35 | 390.57,95.06 | TA | LP |
| Larsson 2009 (27) | Australia | 16 | 32 | 62.0,8.5 | 5,11 | 0.44,0.24 | NA | TA | Placebo |
| Lee 2009 (28) | Korea | 54 | 60 | 61.6,11.0 | 32,22 | 0.57,0.31 | 506.05,41.80 | TA+LP | LP |
| Li 2014 (29) | China | 64 | 64 | 53.3,13.8 | 26,38 | NA | 542.80,122.14 | TA+LP | LP |
| Maia Jr 2009 (30) | Brazil | 22 | 44 | 61.9,5.3 | 12,10 | 0.41,0.17 | 345.86,82.22 | TA | LP |
| Marey 2011 (31) | Egypt | 60 | 60 | 57.7,7.3 | 23,37 | 0.73,0.35 | 485.00,148.60 | TA | IVB+TA |
| Marey 2011’ (31) | Egypt | 60 | 60 | 57.6,7.2 | 26,34 | 0.70,0.31 | 468.68,136.28 | TA | IVB |
| Marey 2011’’ (31) | Egypt | 60 | 60 | NA | NA | 0.69,0.32 | 461.38,139.20 | IVB+TA | IVB |
| Massin 2004 (32) | France | 12 | 24 | 59.0,9.2 | 7,5 | 0.70,0.27 | 492.00,115.90 | TA | Placebo |
| Meyer 2022 (33) | Australia | 52 | 52 | 60.2,6.9 | 35,17 | 0.44,0.32 | 402.15, 120.74 | DEX | IVB |
| Ockrim 2008 (34) | England | 43 | 88 | 63.6,9.0 | 28,60 | 0.62,0.27 | 411.86,130.31 | TA | LP |
| Ogura 2019 (35) | Japan | 89 | 89 | 65.2,9.0 | 36,53 | 0.55,0.20 | 479.11,120.95 | TA | LP |
| Ozsaygili 2020 (36) | Turkey | 62 | 98 | 65.7,5.6 | 27,35 | 0.76,0.08 | 594.60,117.20 | DEX | IVA |
| Soheilian 2007 (37) | Iran | NA | 66 | 63.4,6.3 | 34,32 | 0.66,0.35 | 345.00,138.95 | IVB+TA | LP |
| Soheilian 2009 (38) | Iran | NA | 100 | 61.4,6.4 | 49,51 | 0.72,0.28 | 350.00,142.69 | IVB+TA | IVB |
| Soheilian 2009’ (38) | Iran | NA | 100 | 61.7,6.1 | 44,56 | 0.64,0.28 | 329.50,130.62 | IVB+TA | LP |
| Stefansson 2023 (39) | Multicenter | 144 | 144 | 64.4,9.7 | 52,92 | 0.44,0.19 | 464.52,133.62 | DEX | LP |
| Sutter 2004 (40) | Australia | 40 | 65 | 64.5,2.3 | 18,22 | 0.49,0.25 | 441.03,113.27 | TA | Placebo |
| Wei 2021 (41) | China,Philippines | 272 | 272 | 59.3,7.9 | 133,139 | 0.59,0.22 | 486.95,157.62 | DEX+LP | LP |
| Yaseri 2014 (42) | Iran | 19 | 19 | NA | NA | 0.74,0.33 | 340.84,154.39 | IVB+TA | IVB |
| Yaseri 2014’ (42) | Iran | 22 | 22 | NA | NA | 0.55,0.28 | 314.50,128.70 | IVB+TA | LP |
*BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; CMT, central macroscopic thickness.
*TA, intravitreal triamcinolone; IVB, intravitreal bevacizumab; LP, laser, macroscopic laser, grid laser and focal/grid laser; TA+LP, intrareal triamcinolone combined with laser; DEX, intravitreal dexamethasone; IVB+TA, intravitreal bevacizumab combined with triamcinolone; DEX+LP, intrareal dexamethasone combined with laser; IVR, intravitreal ranibizumab; IVA, intravitreal affiliation.