FIGURE 1.
The construction and anti‐osteoporosis mechanism of bioengineered BEVs. The elements of BMP‐2 and CXCR4 were synthesized to construct the recombinant plasmid pClyA‐BMP‐2‐CXCR4, thereby constructing the recombinant probiotic ECN‐pClyA‐BMP‐2‐CXCR4. Subsequently, recombinant ECN‐pClyA‐BMP‐2‐CXCR4 were cultured to obtain bioengineered BEVs‐BC, which could target BMSCs and induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, ultimately improving OP.