Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics at discharge of participants according to the use of SGLT2i during follow-up
| Variable | SGLT2i user | SGLT2i non-user | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 528 (30.8) | 1,188 (69.2) | |
| Age, yr | 70.0±12.1 | 69.8±11.8 | 0.648 |
| Male sex | 400 (75.8) | 760 (64.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.5±4.2 | 24.7±3.8 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 0.002 | ||
| Non-smoker | 275 (52.5) | 688 (58.6) | |
| Former smoker | 105 (20.0) | 246 (21.0) | |
| Current smoker | 144 (27.5) | 240 (20.4) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| History of IHD | 173 (33.3) | 426 (37.2) | 0.131 |
| History of stroke | 50 (9.6) | 190 (16.6) | <0.001 |
| History of PAD | 12 (2.3) | 64 (5.7) | 0.003 |
| History of HF | 60 (11.7) | 137 (12.1) | 0.779 |
| Diabetes duration, yr | 10.4±9.2 | 12.6±10.4 | <0.001 |
| Range of diabetes duration, yr | <0.001 | ||
| <10 | 197 (49.1) | 388 (40.3) | |
| 10–19 | 126 (31.4) | 274 (28.5) | |
| ≥20 | 78 (19.5) | 300 (31.2) | |
| Cause of admission | <0.001 | ||
| IHD | 374 (70.8) | 676 (56.9) | |
| Stroke | 54 (10.2) | 284 (28.9) | |
| PAD | 9 (1.7) | 55 (4.6) | |
| HHF | 91 (17.2) | 173 (14.6) | |
| SBP, mm Hg | 124.8±17.2 | 128.1±18.0 | 0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 73.5±11.4 | 73.1±11.1 | 0.485 |
| Random plasma glucose, mg/dL | 181.2±74.7 | 167.8±77.0 | 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.9±1.7 | 7.4±1.5 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.96±0.42 | 1.47±1.62 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 82.5±27.2 | 69.1±34.1 | <0.001 |
| ≥60 | 421 (79.9) | 717 (60.8) | <0.001 |
| 45–59 | 76 (14.4) | 180 (15.3) | |
| 30–44 | 21 (4.0) | 130 (11.0) | |
| <30 | 9 (1.7) | 153 (13.0) | |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 151.4±49.0 | 150.3±45.9 | 0.688 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 157.1±131.5 | 148.3±119.7 | 0.196 |
| HDL-C level, mg/dL | 42.4±11.5 | 43.2±12.1 | 0.234 |
| LDL-C level, mg/dL | 86.8±38.0 | 87.0±35.5 | 0.929 |
| Antidiabetic medication | |||
| Metformin | 402 (76.1) | 642 (54.1) | <0.001 |
| Sulfonylurea | 181 (34.3) | 331 (27.9) | 0.008 |
| TZD | 24 (4.5) | 58 (4.9) | 0.757 |
| DPP4i | 148 (28.0) | 693 (58.4) | <0.001 |
| SGLT2i | 328 (62.1) | 5 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| AGI | 1 (0.2) | 11 (0.9) | 0.119 |
| Meglitinide | 1 (0.2) | 6 (0.5) | 0.683 |
| Insulin | 61 (11.6) | 220 (18.5) | <0.001 |
| GLP-1RA | 6 (1.1) | 7 (0.6) | 0.238 |
| No. of antidiabetic medications | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 23 (4.4) | 138 (11.6) | |
| 1 | 87 (16.5) | 383 (32.3) | |
| 2 | 218 (41.3) | 421 (35.5) | |
| ≥3 | 200 (37.9) | 244 (20.6) | |
| Statin | 474 (89.8) | 1,031 (87.0) | 0.105 |
| Anti-platelet | 477 (90.3) | 1,010 (85.2) | 0.004 |
| ACEi or ARB | 371 (70.3) | 738 (62.2) | 0.001 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; IHD, ischemic heart disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease; HF, heart failure; HHF, hospitalization for heart failure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TZD, thiazolidinedione; DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; AGI, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockade.