Table 1. Formula or recommendation of pediatric nasotracheal tube insertion depth.
| No | Source, author, year | Age (years), n, site | Nasal tube length (cm)/Formula or recommendation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paediatric Anaesthesia, Davenport, 3rd Edn (1980) [52] | - | 14 + (age/2) | |
| 2 | Yates AP et al (1987) [53] | 0-18, 634, ICU | L = (3 × S) + 2; > 3 kg, S = internal diameter (ID) in mm | |
| 3 | Manual of Pediatric Anesthesia, Steward, 5th Edn (2001) [54] | Newborn | 14 | |
| 1 | 15 | |||
| 2 | 16 | |||
| 4 | 17 | |||
| 6 | 19 | |||
| 8 | 21 | |||
| 10 | 22 | |||
| 4 | Antona M, et al (2002) [55] | 0-4, 99, ICU | 10.5 + (weight/2) | |
| 5 | Kim KO, et al (2003) [56] | 0-7, 85, OR | Tube tip 2 cm above carina | |
| 6 | Lau N, et al (2006) [57] | 0-15, 89, ICU | Age < 1 | 9 + (weight/2) |
| Age > 1 | 15 + (age/2) | |||
| 7 | Kemper M, et al (2014) [58] | 0-10, 76, OR | Depth mark-based NTI is superior to formula and recommendation. | |
| 8 | Imani AT, et al (2023) [59] | 0-4, 110, OR | L = 0.1 × height + 7 | |
| 9 | Chou C, et al (2023) [49] | 0-17, 684, OR | L = 15.1 + 0.43age + 0.300 × gender (male = 1, female = 0) | |
Age (years), weight (kg), height (cm), ICU, intensive care unit; No, number; OR, operating room.
Study No.7: comparison of study No.1 to 6
Study No.8: comparison of study No. 1, 2, 4, 6