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. 2024 Apr 5;14(16):11057–11088. doi: 10.1039/d3ra08333k

The name, mechanism of action, and reference of the drugs discussed above.

Serial Drug Mechanism of action Reference
1 Galantamine AChEI 62
2 Donepezil AChEI 62
3 Rivastigmine AChEI and BChEI 63
4 Tacrine AChEI and BChEI 65
5 Metrifonate Irreversible AChEI and BChEI 64
6 ABT-126 Selective α7 nicotinic receptor agonist 72
7 ABT-089 Selective α4β2 nicotinic partial agonist 75
8 Oxotremorine CNS muscarinic agonist 77
9 Xanomeline CNS muscarinic agonist 79
10 EUK1001 CNS muscarinic agonist 79
11 Memantine NMDA antagonist 82
12 Phencyclidine NMDA antagonist 86
13 Vinpocetine PDE1 inhibitor 89
14 Cilostazol PDE3 inhibitor 87
15 HT-0712 PDE4 inhibitor 96
16 Roflumilast PDE4 inhibitor 96
17 Zatolmilast (BPN14770) PDE4 inhibitor 96
18 Denbufylline PDE4 inhibitor 99
19 Sildenafil PDE5 inhibitor 87 and 96
20 BI-409306 PDE9 inhibitor 100 and 101
21 PF-04447943 PDE9 inhibitor 100 and 101
22 Propentofylline Broad-spectrum PDE inhibitor 87
23 Aducanumab Selective anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody 108–112
24 Lecanemab Selective anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody 113–116
25 Solanezumab Monoclonal anti-Aβ antibody 118 and 119
26 Bapineuzumab Monoclonal anti-Aβ antibody 120 and 121
27 Ponezumab Monoclonal anti-Aβ antibody 122
28 Gantenerumab Monoclonal anti-Aβ antibody 119
29 AN1792 Purified Aβ-42 polypeptide vaccine 125
30 ACC-001 N-terminal Aβ1-7 vaccine 57
31 QS-21 Adjuvant combined with ACC-001 129 and 130
32 ABvac40 C-terminal end of Aβ40 vaccine 57
33 Tramiprosate Inhibitor for Aβ42 oligomer formation 133–136
34 Valitramiprosate (ALZ-801) Inhibitor for Aβ42 oligomer formation (prodrug) 133
35 Sodium selenate PP2A activator 140
36 Methylthioninium chloride PP2A activator 142
37 Tideglusib GSK3β inhibitor 145 and 146
38 Lithium chloride GSK3β inhibitor 150
39 LY2811376 BACE-1 inhibitor 151
40 LY2886721 BACE-1 inhibitor 16 and 153
41 Umibecestat (CNP520) BACE-1 inhibitor 155
42 Verubecestat (MK8931) BACE-1 inhibitor 158 and 159
43 Atabecestat (JNJ-54861911) BACE-1 inhibitor 161–163
44 Lanabecestat BACE-1 inhibitor 167
45 Elenbecestat (E2609) BACE-1 inhibitor 169
46 NB-360 Dual BACE-1 and BACE-2 inhibitor 171
47 RG712 Dual BACE-1 and BACE-2 inhibitor 174
48 Semagacestat (LY450139) γ-Secretase inhibitor 178
49 MK-0752 γ-Secretase inhibitor 154
50 Avagacestat (BMS-708163) Selective γ-secretase inhibitor 182
51 Begacestat (GSI-953) Selective γ-secretase inhibitor 186
52 PF-3084014 Notch sparing γ-secretase inhibitor 189 and 190
53 Ibuprofen First generation GSM 194 and 195
54 Indomethacin First generation GSM 194 and 195
55 Sulindac First generation GSM 194 and 195
56 Tarenflurbil Second generation GSM 197
57 JNJ-40418677 Second generation GSM 202
58 EVP-0015962 Second generation GSM 203
59 Itanapraced (CHF5074) Second generation GSM 205
60 BIIB042 Second generation GSM 203 and 208
61 E2012 Second generation GSM 154 and 210
62 E2212 Second generation GSM 211
63 BMS-869780 Second generation GSM 214
64 BMS-932481 Second generation GSM 154
65 PF-06648671 Second generation GSM 215
66 SPI-014 Second generation GSM 217
67 SPI-1865 Second generation GSM 217
68 Dihydroergocristine Second generation GSM 219
69 Acitretin α-Secretase activator 223
70 Etazolate (EHT-0202) GABAA modulator & α-secretase activator 225
71 PF-05212377 (SAM-760) Selective 5-HT6R antagonist 57 and 231
72 Iadalopirdine Selective 5-HT6R antagonist 233
73 Varoglutamstat (PQ-912) QC inhibitor 235
74 Etanercept Competitive TNF-α inhibitor 243
75 Thalidomide Immunomodulator & TNF-α inhibitor 244
76 Muscimol GABAA agonist 250
77 Propofol GABAA agonist 250
78 SGS742 (CGP36742) GABAB antagonist 251
79 CGP55845 GABAB antagonist 254
80 Vitamin E Antioxidant 257 and 258
81 Caffeine Antioxidant 261
82 Silibinin Antioxidant 262
83 Curcumin Antioxidant 263
84 Quercetin Antioxidant 264
85 Luteolin Antioxidant 265
86 α-Lipoic acid Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant 261 and 266
87 Coenzyme Q10 Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant 261
88 Melatonin Antioxidant 267–271
89 Selegiline Antioxidant 258 and 261