Table 2.
The intervention effect on the primary outcome of daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at 3 months of follow-up and on secondary outcomes including MVPA at 6 months of follow-up and clinical variables in the DiaCert study.
| Characteristic | Group sample means | Model estimatesa | |||||||||||||||
|
|
Intervention (n=93) | Control (n=88) | Differenceb | Group by time interaction | |||||||||||||
|
|
n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | Mean (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |||||||||||
| MVPA (minutes/day) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 70 (75) | 36.6 (25.5) | 67 (76) | 26.7 (21.1) | 10.05 (1.66 to 18.44) | 1.51 (–5.53 to 8.55) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 55 (59) | 34.2 (29.4) | 63 (72) | 31.1 (27.0) | 5.02 (–3.72 to 13.75) | –3.53 (–10.97 to 3.92) | ||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 93 (100) | 30.2 (5.5) | 88 (100) | 30.6 (5.2) | N/Ac | N/A | ||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 81 (87) | 30.1 (5.7) | 79 (90) | 30.3 (5.0) | –0.12 (–1.67 to 1.44) | 0.29 (–0.02 to 0.61) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 70 (75) | 30.0 (6.0) | 79 (90) | 29.9 (5.0) | 0.11 (–1.45 to 1.67) | 0.52 (0.20 to 0.84) | ||||||||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 92 (99) | 107 (15.1) | 88 (100) | 108 (14.4) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 80 (86) | 107 (15.6) | 79 (90) | 108 (13.6) | –0.61 (–4.90 to 3.69) | –0.46 (–1.75 to 0.83) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 69 (74) | 107 (17.0) | 79 (90) | 106 (13.6) | 0.47 (–3.84 to 4.77) | 0.61 (–0.71 to 1.94) | ||||||||||
| Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 89 (96) | 53.6 (13.0) | 88 (100) | 53.5 (12.7) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 75 (81) | 50.0 (9.9) | 73 (83) | 53.2 (13.4) | –2.45 (–6.08 to 1.17) | –2.54 (–5.36 to 0.29) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 67 (72) | 51.2 (10.7) | 76 (86) | 51.2 (10.6) | –0.21 (–3.87 to 3.44) | –0.30 (–3.16 to 2.57) | ||||||||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 74 (80) | 4.56 (1.00) | 70 (80) | 4.50 (1.18) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 62 (67) | 4.39 (0.80) | 57 (65) | 4.48 (0.91) | –0.06 (–0.40 to 0.28) | –0.11 (–0.37 to 0.14) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 55 (59) | 4.38 (0.84) | 59 (67) | 4.27 (1.02) | 0.10 (–0.24 to 0.44) | 0.05 (–0.21 to 0.31) | ||||||||||
| LDLd cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 73 (78) | 2.70 (0.89) | 70 (80) | 2.64 (1.13) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 59 (63) | 2.44 (0.65) | 56 (64) | 2.48 (0.89) | –0.01 (–0.33 to 0.30) | –0.07 (–0.30 to 0.15) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 54 (58) | 2.44 (0.68) | 57 (65) | 2.38 (0.85) | 0.09 (–0.23 to 0.40) | 0.02 (–0.20 to 0.25) | ||||||||||
| HDLe cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 74 (80) | 1.25 (0.34) | 70 (80) | 1.23 (0.40) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 62 (67) | 1.22 (0.34) | 57 (65) | 1.24 (0.38) | –0.04 (–0.16 to 0.09) | –0.06 (–0.12 to 0.01) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 55 (59) | 1.26 (0.36) | 57 (65) | 1.24 (0.39) | –0.04 (–0.17 to 0.08) | –0.06 (–0.13 to 0.001) | ||||||||||
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 72 (77) | 1.54 (0.76) | 69 (78) | 1.65 (0.94) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 60 (65) | 1.71 (1.03) | 58 (66) | 1.76 (0.96) | –0.01 (–0.32 to 0.29) | 0.10 (–0.15 to 0.34) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 52 (56) | 1.56 (0.83) | 56 (64) | 1.66 (0.83) | –0.07 (–0.38 to 0.24) | 0.04 (–0.21 to 0.29) | ||||||||||
| Systolic BPf (mm Hg) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 92 (99) | 139 (16.2) | 88 (100) | 137 (14.8) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 80 (86) | 135 (13.3) | 79 (90) | 134 (11.8) | 1.21 (–2.98 to 5.40) | –0.54 (–4.62 to 3.53) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 70 (75) | 136 (12.8) | 78 (89) | 136 (12.6) | 0.70 (–3.60 to 4.99) | –1.05 (–5.23 to 3.13) | ||||||||||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 92 (99) | 83.6 (9.9) | 88 (100) | 82.6 (9. 5) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
|
|
3 months | 80 (86) | 81.8 (9.1) | 79 (90) | 79.2 (10.5) | 2.78 (–0.14 to 5.69) | 1.79 (–1.06 to 4.64) | ||||||||||
|
|
6 months | 70 (75) | 81.2 (8.7) | 78 (89) | 79.9 (9.4) | 1.87 (–1.12 to 4.85) | 0.88 (–2.04 to 3.81) | ||||||||||
aResults from linear mixed model analysis including participants with complete baseline data.
bDifference between groups at the specified time point based on predicted means from linear mixed models.
c—: not applicable.
dLDL: low-density lipoprotein.
eHDL: high-density lipoprotein.
fBP: blood pressure.